Deforestation and Smoking

In March 1982, the tobacco-deforestation link was being cited. See "Tobacco Depletes Food-Crop Land," 28 Smoke Signals (#3) 7 (March 1982). It reported:

"Farmers in Kenya's Kunati Valley have stopped growing maize--the country's most important staple food--and are now growing tobacco for a multinational company, according to a report by the All Africa Press Service. . . .

"The slopes on the sides of the Kunati Valley, near Mount Kenya, are now 'completely bare.' Their former covering of trees has been cut down to be used as fuel for curing tobacco.

"With most of the fertile ground given over to tobacco, some farmers have tried to grow maize on the formerly forested hillsides. But heavy rains wash away soil, plants, and all. The topsoil has eroded in some places, and rocks and boulders are already washing down toward the fertile fields below, the report says.

"Only 17 percent of Kenya's land can support crops, and an even smaller area has forest cover, so the country cannot afford to lose yet more.

"Tobacco growing brings the farmers more profits than maize did. . . . "'What is happening in the Kunati Valley is being repeated in a thousand other places in all of Africa,' the All Africa Press Service says. 'Exports are being promoted at the expense of local consumption. In the long run the ecological basis of all production is being permanently destroyed.'"

"Worldwide, between 1.2 and 5.5 million ha of forest are destroyed annually to grow and cure tobacco," says John Revington, "The Causes of Tropical Deforestation."

"Clearing forests for tobacco production causes soil erosion and related ecological damage, and is responsible for deforestation in Brazil and in Africa," according to WFPHA Position Paper No. 98-1, adopted by the World Federation of Public Health Associations General Assembly, at its 32nd Annual Meeting 11 May 1998, citing D. Yach, Tobacco in Africa, World Health Forum, Vol. 17, 1996, and the Forum on Global Tobacco Control Policies - Background, San Francisco Tobacco Free Coalition.

"The cutting of trees for tobacco-curing, and charcoal-burning have contributed to the depletion of trees in West Nile," says Frank Mugabi, "Uganda: Tobacco Farmers Deplete Trees" (18 November 2008). Reason: "tobacco, the region's major cash crop, requires large quantities of wood fuel to cure, and has forced farmers to indiscriminately cut down trees."

A 24 May 1999 British Medical Journal Tobacco Control Press Release reports that "An estimated 200,000 hectares of forest and woodland are removed by tobacco farming every year."

According to author B. Lupiya, "Tobacco Kills Brazilian Forests" (Aug. 21, 1997), the World Health Organisation says

"that one tree is needed for every 300 cigarettes produced globally. Some environmentalists say that to cure tobacco grown on 200,000 hectares of land, farmers need another 200,000 hectares of forest for wood. And a 1986 industry-commissioned report estimated that 7.8 kg of wood on average was needed to cure one kg of tobacco."

Lupiya quotes Wigold Bertoldo Schaffer, spokesperson for the Brazilian National Environmental Foundation, as saying,

"We have no more trees here. Tobacco farmers are replanting nothing. They have no conscience about the damage they are doing. They have no regard for the future." Lupiya explains that "Tobacco affects forests in two ways: first, trees have to be felled to create tobacco farms. Second, fuelwood is needed to cure - or dry out - the harvested tobacco crop from its natural green to the brownish colour seen in cigarettes."

“Malawi also has one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world, and in 1999 more than 26 percent of its total annual deforestation was related to tobacco production. Saloojee said there was also serious tobacco-related deforestation in Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi, Ethiopia, Togo and Nigeria,” says Wilma Stassen, " Tobacco Harmful to Those Who Farm It" (Pretoria News, 7 August 2012). And: “tobacco companies lure governments and other leaders into believing that tobacco is an economically viable crop and a major source of revenue, while hiding the truth about the accompanying environmental and health losses. 'For example, while Tanzania earns about $50 million (nearly $407m) annually from tobacco revenue, more than $40m is spent to treat tobacco-related cancers alone.'” Additionally, “tobacco farming causes green tobacco sickness (GTS) in farmworkers who absorb nicotine through the skin when handling wet tobacco. GTS causes muscle weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, abdominal cramps, breathing difficulty, diarrhoea, chills, fluctuations in blood pressure or heart rate, and increased perspiration and salivation. 'As a monocrop, tobacco plants are vulnerable to a variety of pests and diseases, which require the application of large quantities of chemicals. . .. ' Pesticide poisoning is common among workers and those living near tobacco-growing fields. Exposure to these chemicals causes respiratory, neurological, and psychological problems. Studies found pesticide sprayers in this industry are at increased risk of neurological and psychological conditions because of poor protection practices." For background on how green tobacco sickness comes about, see, e.g., Gabriel Thompson, “Why are Children Working American Tobacco Fields?” (The Nation, 12 November 2013), saying “Young farm workers are falling ill from 'green tobacco sickness' while the industry denies it and government lets it happen.”

In the 1840's, Dr. Hippolyte A. Depierris, Physiologie Sociale: Le Tabac, Qui Contient Le Plus Violent des Poisons (Paris: Dentu, 1876), pp 117-119, was noting the vegetation-killing effect of tobacco smoke.

Now, many years later, a former Vice-President, Albert Gore, Jr., winner of Nobel Prize 2007, publicly refers to the tobacco role in global warming. See article by Alex Knapp, "Gore: Cigarette Smoking Causes Global Warming" (29 September 2006). He identified cigarette smoking as a “significant contributor to global warming!” (Alex Knapp is hostile to the data, but the fact of such hostility establishes concern by apologists for tobacco pushers that the long-known data is finally reaching the public).

For additional background, see, e.g.,

  • Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829), "Systčme analytique des connaissances positives de l’homme" (1820)   ("Man, owing to an egoism that is too shortsighted about his own interests, his penchant to take pleasure in all that stands at his disposal, in short, owing to his carelessness about the future and his fellow men, seems to labor at annihilating his means of preservation and even at destroying his own species. By everywhere destroying the great plants that protected the soil, for the procurement of objects that satisfy his craving of the moment, he rapidly brings about the sterility of the soil he inhabits, gives rise to the depletion of springs, keeps away the animals who drew their substance from those springs, and causes large parts of the globe, once quite fertile and populated in every respect, to be barren, sterile, uninhabitable, and deserted. Always disregarding the advice of experience, in order to give himself over to his passions, he is perpetually at war with his fellow men, and destroys them from all sides and under all manner of pretext; with the result that one sees populations that were once thriving, become increasingly impoverished. It would seem that man is destined to exterminate himself after having rendered the globe uninhabitable.")

  • Prof. Ron M. Linton, Terracide: America's Destruction of her Living Environment (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1970)

  • Michael Allaby, A Chronology of Weather (New York: Facts on File, 1998) (Re "warning" of global warming, certain "atmospheric gases partially absorb the long-wave heat radiated from the land and sea surface after it has been warmed by the Sun; the absorbed heat warms the air [re What is] now being predicted . . . no warming has ever happened so fast. . . . we would be foolish to ignore the warning," p 7)

  • An Inconvenient Truth (documentary on the dangers of climate change and global warming)

  • "Ł3.68 trillion: The price of failing to act on climate change" (Landmark report reveals apocalyptic cost of global warming)

  • "Climate change fight 'can't wait'" (The UK prime minister urges swift action as a report warns climate change could shrink the global economy by 20%)

  • "Climate Change is Killing the Oceans' Microscopic 'Lungs'" (by Steve Connor, in the Independent (UK, 7 December 2006).

  • "U.N. finds threats from climate change quickly heating up" (Global warming is a rapidly advancing threat to human life, according to the authors of a major, comprehensive United Nations report released 8 April 2007 in Brussels.)

  • "Scientists get last say in climate study" (Diplomats from 115 countries and 52 scientists hashed out the most comprehensive and gloomiest warning yet about the possible effects of global warming, from increased flooding, hunger, drought and diseases to the extinction of species, 9 April 2007)

  • "The 11th Hour" (2007) (movie "documentary concerning the environmental crises caused by human actions") (Trailer)

  • Tom Engelhardt, "Running Out of History" (The Nation, 12 May 2008) (cites "new information on carbon dioxide in the atmosphere [shows] it's at a record high of 387 parts per million (ppm), "up almost 40% since the industrial revolution and the highest for at least the last 650,000 years." 650,000 years. Think of that. The historical era is well less than 10,000 years old. According to a recent study by renown NASA climatologist Jim Hansen published in Science magazine, "if we wish to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilization developed," we need to create the necessary conditions that will return us to 350 ppm of CO2 in the atmosphere--and soon. Environmentalist Bill McKibben, who has started a new website called 350.org calls that 350 "the most important number on Earth." And, it cites changes "without historical precedent." In other words, there was nothing (repeat, nothing) in the historical record that provided a guide to what might happen next.")

  • Emily Dugan, "An epidemic of extinctions: Decimation of life on earth" (The independent (UK), 16 May 2008) ("the current extinction rate is now up to 10,000 times faster than what has historically been recorded as normal. . . . The study picked out five reasons for species decline, all of which can be traced back to human behaviour: climate change, pollution, the destruction of animals' natural habitat, the spread of invasive species, and the overexploitation of species.")

  • Tim Harper, "Earth Near Tipping Point, Climatologist Warns" (The Toronto Star, 24 June 2008) ("We have reached a point of planetary emergency,” he said. “There are tipping points in the climate system, which we are very close to, and if we pass them, the dynamics of the system take over and carry you to very large changes which are out of your control.”)

  • Shannon Jones, "US scientist calls for prosecution of energy company CEOs for global warming disinformation" (26 June 2008) ("In testimony before the US Congress on Monday, James Hansen, a leading climatologist, called heads of major energy companies criminals who should be prosecuted for deliberately spreading false and misleading information about the threat posed by global warming." See 18 USC § 1001.)

  • Meg White, "As Alaskan Village Sinks Into the Sea, GAO Says We Need to Create U.S. Office for Climate Change Refugee Assistance" (4 June 2009)

  • Alexander Zaitchik, "The Dark Side of Climate Change: It's Already Too Late, Cap and Trade is a Scam, and Only the Few Will Survive" (7 July 2009). See also Prof. James E. Lovelock, Ph.D. (Medicine, 1948), CH, CBE, FRS, The Revenge of Gaia (2006) and The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning (Basic Books, 2009) ("Gaia Theory holds that Earth possesses a sophisticated planetary intelligence that responds to levels of heat from the sun in such a way as to maintain a climate homeostasis supportive of life. In four decades of research and experiment, the most famous being the 'Daisyworld' model [the evidence did] officially move Gaia from a Hypothesis to a Theory. He [Lovolock] has established that the various components of the biosphere -- plants, animals, minerals, gases, the sun’s heat -- interact in such a way as to create and maintain a climate amenable to life. Far from a passive collection of independent actors responding to conditions, the biosphere’s contents, including humans, form a living web which actively creates and maintains those conditions. Gaia prefers these conditions and will do her best to maintain them. But there is a limit to how much Gaia can do if we keep running over the safety mechanisms -- negative feedback loops -- she puts in our path. Lovelock believes that we have pushed Gaia beyond the point of return. The cold seas, for example, can only pump down so much of our carbon before they cry mercy and turn to acid..")

  • Related Deforestation Data Web Sites
    Tobacco in the 3rd World
    Tobacco: GDP Up, ISEW Down
    Tobacco in the Developing World
    Seismic Monitor

    A question arises: With deforestation capable of altering weather patterns, can there be an impact from a tobacco ban along these lines—less global warming, and fewer hurricanes and tornadoes, etc.?

    Any reader with references on the relationship between deforestation and altered weather patterns is invited to provide pertinent citations and quotes or summaries for consideration for adding here.


    The above writings began in 1982, and the request that readers submit input. Accordingly, more data and research are now included, e.g.,
  • Bill McKibben, The End of Nature (1989) ("the first book for a general audience about climate change")

  • "Study: Global Warming Making Hurricanes Stronger," by the Associated Press (31 July 2005)

  • "Global warming may pump up hurricane power," by Jeff Hecht, the NewScientist.com news service (13:44 01 August 2005).

  • "World's Most Important Crops Hit by Global Warming Effects," by Science Editor Steve Connor, in The Independent (19 March 2007).

  • Seth Borenstein (AP Science Writer), "NASA Study: Eastern U.S. to Get Hotter" (Associated Press, 11 May 2007) ("Instead of daily summer highs in the 1990s that averaged in the low to mid 80s Fahrenheit, the eastern United States is in for daily summer highs regularly in the low to mid 90s, the study found." "In the 2080s, the average summer high will probably be 102 degrees in Jacksonville, 100 degrees in Memphis, 96 degrees in Atlanta, and 91 degrees in Chicago and Washington." And: "simulated results for July 2085 . . . forecasted temperatures . . . past uncomfortable into painful. The study showed a map where the average high in the southeast neared 115 and pushed 100 in the northeast. Even Canada flirted with the low to mid 90s." (The study abstract is online: Lynn, B.H., R. Healy, and L.M. Druyan, 2007: An analysis of the potential for extreme temperature change based on observations and model simulations. J. Climate, 20, 1539-1554, doi:10.1175/JCLI4219.1).

  • Tim Johnson, "Warming Triggers ‘Alarming’ Retreat of Himalayan Glaciers, McClatchy Newspapers (Saturday, 12 May 2007) ("Glaciers in the Himalayas are receding faster than in any other part of the world and, if the present rate continues, the likelihood of them disappearing by the year 2035 and perhaps sooner is very high if the Earth keeps getting warmer at the current rate.”)

  • Geoffrey Lean, Environment Editor, "Global warming 'is three times faster than worst predictions'" (The Independent, 3 June 2007)

  • Amelia Gentleman, "Chair of UN climate panel 'stunned' to share Nobel Prize with Gore" (International Herald Tribune, 12 October 2007) ("more than two decades first working on making the links between man's activities and climate change, and then on convincing the world's population of the damage those activities were doing")

  • Steve Connor, Science Editor, "No ice at the North Pole: Polar scientists reveal dramatic new evidence of climate change" (27 June 2008) ("It seems unthinkable, but for the first time in human history, ice is on course to disappear entirely from the North Pole this year.")

  • Duncan Clark, "World Will Warm Faster Than Predicted in Next Five Years, Study Warns" (The Guardian/UK, 27 July 2009) ("the new research suggests, temperatures will shoot up at 150% of the rate predicted")

  • Bonnie Malkin, "Climate Change to Force 75 Million Pacific Islanders From Their Homes" (The Telegraph/UK, 27 July 2009) ("Pacific Islanders were already feeling the effects of global warming, including food and water shortages, rising cases of malaria and more frequent flooding and storms. Some had already been forced from their homes and the number of displaced people was rising")

  • Dan Vergano, "Future US Heat Waves Will Be Worse" (USAToday, 26 August 2009) ("The nation is headed for strong heat waves in coming decades that will hit cities and farmers and threaten wildlife with extinction, a new global warming report warns.")

  • Sen. John Kerry, "We Can't Ignore the Security Threat from Climate Change" (31 August 2009) ("Scientists tell us we have a 10-year window -- if even that -- before catastrophic climate change becomes inevitable and irreversible. The threat is real, and time is not on our side.")

  • Kristin Ohlson, "Earth on Fire," Discover Magazine (July/August 2010), pp 60-65.

  • "Climate Change Means More Heatwaves, Premature Deaths, Scientists Warn" (c. 11 July 2010)

  • John Vidal, "Last Month Was the Hottest June Recorded Worldwide, Figures Show: US government climate data suggests 2010 on course to be warmest year since records began" (The Guardian/UK, 16 July 2010) ("Last month was the hottest June ever recorded worldwide and the fourth consecutive month that the combined global land and sea temperature records have been broken. . . . 2010 is now on course to be the warmest year since records began in 1880. The trend to a warmer world is now incontrovertible. According to NOAA, June was the 304th consecutive month with a combined global land and surface temperature above the 20th-century average. The last month with below-average temperatures was February 1985. Each of the 10 warmest average global temperatures recorded since 1880 have occurred in the last 15 years with the previous warmest first half of a year in 1998. . . . 'These are clear signs of a rapidly warming world and exactly what the climate models have predicted.'")

  • Climatologist Heidi Cullen, The Weather of the Future: Heat Waves, Extreme Storms, and Other Scenes From a Climate-Changed Planet (Harper, 2010) (predicts more frequent and more violent storms, more hot spells, cold spells, droughts, famines, and huge waves of desperate refugees)

  • Brad Johnson, "How Global Warming Is Making Hurricane Irene Worse" (ThinkProgress, Sunday, 28 August 2011) ("As the U.S. government report 'Global Climate Change Impacts in the US' summarized in 2009, warming of the oceans is causing Atlantic hurricanes to become more intense and dangerous.")

  • Bill McKibben, "Will Hurricane Irene Be a Wake-Up Call About Climate Change?" (Monday, 29 August 2011) ("I wrote the first book [The End of Nature (1989)] about climate change 22 years ago this year. And I should begin by saying, there’s very little satisfaction in saying, 'I told you so.' We knew then enough to predict exactly what was going to happen. And climatologists, 22 years ago, were saying, this is what to look forward to. The basic physical property here is that warm air holds more water vapor than cold. You can get stronger storms. The atmosphere is about four percent wetter than it was 40 years ago. That’s an enormous change in a basic physical parameter. It loads the dice for both drought, as you’re getting increased evaporation, and deluge and downpour and flood.")

  • "Arctic Sea Ice Shrinking at 'Unprecedented' Levels" (Thursday, 24 November 2011)   ("The recent loss of sea ice in the Arctic is greater than any natural variation in the past 1˝ millennia, a Canadian study shows. . . . According to the leading science journal Nature, Arctic sea ice is disappearing on a pace and magnitude unlike anything the Earth has experienced in the past 1,450 years." "The recent sea ice decline … appears to be unprecedented," said Christian Zdanowicz, a glaciologist at Natural Resources Canada, who co-led the study and is a co-author of the paper . . . What makes recent sea ice declines unique is that they have been driven by multiple factors that never all coincided in historical periods of major sea ice loss, said Christophe Kinnard, lead author of the new report.")

  • "Massive swathes of rainforest threatened by Brazilian bill" (Saturday, 26 November 2011)   ("A bill before the Brazilian senate could see millions of acres of forest, equal in size to Germany, Italy and Austria combined, destroyed forever if it is approved. Conservationists are warning that proposed changes to Brazil's Forest Code will exacerbate the problem of deforestation in the Amazon and beyond. . . . the new legislation could see 175 million acres of forest an area roughly equivalent to Germany, Italy and Austria combined cleared or not restored following illegal deforestation. . . . . Deforestation has long been a critical issue for Brazil, which is home to the ecologically fragile Amazon Rainforest, a major rainforest that produces a sixth of the world's oxygen supply")

  • "Goodbye, Fish: Rising CO2 Direct Threat to Sea Life Study: Rising CO2 affecting brains, central nervous systems of sea fish" (Monday, 16 January 2012) (''We've now established it isn't simply the acidification of the oceans that is causing disruption, as is the case with shellfish and plankton with chalky skeletons. But the CO2 itself is damaging the fishes' central nervous systems.") (See Revelation 8:8-9, death of one-third the sea creatures, and thereafter, Revelation 16:3, all of them. See, for example, "The Big Fix" (2012), a documentary showing oil-spill-caused mass deaths among sea creatures in the Gulf of Mexico. (Excerpt.) Note also radioactivity being found in fish, "Radioactive fish from Fukushima found near California" (29 May 2012), some 6,000 miles away.

  • "Scientists: Arctic Melting Leading to Europe's Freeze: Is Climate Change Bringing the Arctic to Europe?" (5 February 2012) ("Studies by scientists at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research have confirmed a link between the loss of Arctic sea ice and the development of high-pressure zones in the polar region, which influence wind patterns at lower latitudes further south. Scientists found that as the cap of sea ice is removed from the ocean, huge amounts of heat are released from the sea into the colder air above, causing the air to rise. Rising air destabilises the atmosphere and alters the difference in air pressure between the Arctic and more southerly regions, changing wind patterns.")

  • "Documents Reveal Plans, Funders and Goals of 'Climate Denial' Machine" (Wednesday, 15 February 2012) (Climate change deniers include Altria (parent company of Philip Morris), RJR Tobacco . . .).

  • "Nobel Prize Winner on NHK: “Only way to preserve human life is to completely turn away from nuclear power” (VIDEO)" (17 June 2012) ("Two cities in Japan were destroyed by nuclear fire to end a global war nearly 67 years ago. Now their entire country is at risk for total annilhilation from the same scientific toxins. They can sacrifice no more. Who will be next? A larger country? A continent? A hemisphere? The entire race of mankind?")

  • "'Heat... Fire... Disaster': What Climate Change Looks Like: Western US fires are being driven by extreme temperatures, which are consistent with IPCC projections" (Friday, 29 June 2012)   ("Since 1950 the number of heat waves worldwide has increased, and heat waves have become longer. . . . In the most recent years . . ."the global area hit by extremely unusual hot summertime temperatures has increased 50-fold. Over the contiguous United States, new record high temperatures over the past decade have consistently outnumbered new record lows by a ratio of 2:1. In 2012, the ratio for the year through June 18 stands at more than 9:1. Though this ratio is not expected to remain at that level for the rest of the year, it illustrates how unusual 2012 has been, and how these types of extremes are becoming more likely.")

  • Joseph O'Leary, "More than 2,000 heat records matched or broken" (2 July 2012) ("More than 2,000 temperature records have been matched or broken in the past week as a brutal heat wave baked much of the United States, and June saw more than 3,200 records topped, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said Monday. From June 25 to July 1, some 2,171 record temperatures were either broken or matched, the NOAA said. For the 30 days of June, that number rose to 3,215. Accuweather meteorologist Alex Sosnowski said the number of records broken was very unusual.")

  • Seth Borenstein, AP Science Writer, "This US summer is 'what global warming looks like'" (Associated Press, Tuesday, 3 July 2012)   ("If you want a glimpse of some of the worst of global warming, scientists suggest taking a look at U.S. weather in recent weeks. Horrendous wildfires. Oppressive heat waves. Devastating droughts. Flooding from giant deluges. And a powerful freak wind storm called a derecho. . . . So far this year, more than 2.1 million acres have burned in wildfires, more than 113 million people in the U.S. were in areas under extreme heat advisories last Friday, two-thirds of the country is experiencing drought, and earlier in June, deluges flooded Minnesota and Florida. 'This is what global warming looks like at the regional or personal level,' said Jonathan Overpeck, professor of geosciences and atmospheric sciences at the University of Arizona. 'The extra heat increases the odds of worse heat waves, droughts, storms and wildfire. This is certainly what I and many other climate scientists have been warning about.'")

  • Bill McKibben, "Global Warming's Terrifying New Math: Three simple numbers that add up to global catastrophe - and that make clear who the real enemy is" (Tuesday, 24 July 2012)   ("here are some hard numbers about climate change: June [2012] broke or tied 3,215 high-temperature records across the United States. That followed the warmest May on record for the Northern Hemisphere – the 327th consecutive month in which the temperature of the entire globe exceeded the 20th-century average, the odds of which occurring by simple chance were 3.7 x 10-99, a number considerably larger than the number of stars in the universe. . . . . The First Number: 2° Celsius . . . The Second Number: 565 Gigatons . . . The Third Number: 2,795 Gigatons")

  • Scientists warn it’s the ‘new norm’ after worst drought in 800 years” (Sunday, 29 July 2012) ("The signs of drought were everywhere, from shrivelled rivers and lakes in the American West to brittle brown lawns and parched farm crops in the Canadian Prairies. Even the hardy, drought-tolerant pinyon pine forests of New Mexico turned grey as they withered and died, starved of water for far too long. Anyone who weathered the stubborn dry spell that enveloped western North America from 2000 to 2004 knows it was harsh, but now a group of researchers has concluded it was the most severe drought in 800 years – bone-dry conditions that the scientists believe could become the 'new norm' in this vital agricultural region. . . . 'Even worse, projections suggest that this drought will become the wet end of a drier hydroclimate period.' If so, a 'megadrought' that severely cuts crop production could be on the horizon.”)

  • Scientists Tell Senate Panel: Climate Change Is Here and Disaster Costs Will Be Huge" (Wednesday, 1 August 2012) (“Climate scientists who appeared Wednesday morning before a Senate committee hearing on climate change and extreme weather impacts had stark warnings for the lawmakers: climate change is here, climate change is man-made, and climate change is going to cost us big time.")

  • Grant Schulte, “Thousands of Fish Die as Midwest Streams Heat Up" (Associated Press, 5 August 2012) (“Thousands of fish are dying in the Midwest as the hot, dry summer dries up rivers and causes water temperatures to climb in some spots to nearly 100 degrees. About 40,000 shovelnose sturgeon were killed in Iowa last week as water temperatures reached 97 degrees. . . . So many fish died in one Illinois lake that the carcasses clogged an intake screen near a power plant, lowering water levels to the point that the station had to shut down one of its generators.")

  • "NOAA: July Was Hottest Month Ever in US" (Wednesday, 8 August 2012) ("Drought expands to cover nearly 63% as wildfires consume 2 million acres . . . July was the hottest month on record in the continental United States, continuing the warmest January-to-July period since modern record-keeping began in 1895, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reported Wednesday. The average temperature for July across the continental US was 77.6 degrees F -- 3.3 degrees F above the 20th century average. The last four 12-month periods have each successively established new records for the warmest period of that length. . . . A record setting drought continues to plague 63 percent of the 48 contiguous states, according to NOAA's Drought Monitor, with near-record drought conditions in the Midwest. According to Jake Crouch, a scientist at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center, drought and heat continue to play off each other, as dry soils in the summer tend to drive up daytime temperatures. 'The hotter it gets, the drier it gets, the hotter it gets,' Crouch told Reuters. A statistical climate change analysis led by NASA's James Hansen, released Monday shows that recent extreme weather events are not anomalies, but rather the result of a systemic climate change patterns fueled by man-made global warming.")

  • Tom Philpott, "Superinsects Are Thriving in This Summer's Drought" (Wednesday, 8 August 2012)

  • John Vidal, "A Great Silence Is Spreading Over the Natural World" (The Guardian/UK, 5 September 2012) ("such is the rate of species extinction and the deterioration of pristine habitat that he estimates half these recordings are now archives, impossible to repeat because the habitats no longer exist or because they have been so compromised . . . the wild natural world . . . rarely exists now.")

  • "'Something Really Wrong': Tens of Thousands of Dead Fish Wash Up on Lake Erie Shore" (5 September 2012)

  • "'Unprecedented,' 'Amazing,' 'Goliath': Scientists Describe Arctic Sea Ice Melt" (Friday, 7 September 2012) ("Arctic Sea ice levels continue to drop below record set on Aug. 26 . . . The rate of Arctic Sea ice melt has caught scientists by surprise, leaving them to describe the current record low levels as "amazing," "a Goliath" and "unprecedented." While a record low was recorded on Aug. 26, the ice level continues to fall, and the National Snow and Ice Data Center reports that there is still a week left in the melting season.")

  • John Vidal, "Arctic expert predicts final collapse of sea ice within four years (The Guardian, Wednesday, 17 September 2012) ("As sea ice shrinks to record lows, Prof Peter Wadhams warns a 'global disaster' is now unfolding in northern latitudes. . . . One of the world's leading ice experts has predicted the final collapse of Arctic sea ice in summer months within four years.")

  • John Vidal, "Arctic ice shrinks 18% against record, sounding climate change alarm bells" (The Guardian, Wednesday, 19 September 2012) ("Scientists and environment groups say the fall is unprecedented and the clearest signal yet of global warming. . . . 'Our response [so far] has not been alarm, or panic, or a sense of emergency. It has been: "Let’s go up there and drill for oil". There is no more perfect indictment of our failure to get to grips with the greatest problem we’ve ever faced,' says author and environmental campaigner Bill McKibben. . . . We can expect more summers like 2012 as the ice cover continues to thin. The loss of summer sea ice has led to unusual warming of the Arctic atmosphere, that in turn impacts weather patterns in the northern hemisphere, that can result in persistent extreme weather such as droughts, heatwaves and flooding.")

  • Prof. George Lakoff, "Yes, Global Warming Systemically Caused Hurricane Sandy" (Tuesday, 30 October 2012): "Yes, global warming systemically caused Hurricane Sandy . . . . Systemic causation is familiar. Smoking is a systemic cause of lung cancer. . . . there is a difference between systemic and direct causation. . . . Any application of force to something or someone that always produces an immediate change to that thing or person is direct causation. When causation is direct, the word cause is unproblematic. Systemic causation, because it is less obvious, is more important to understand. . . . In general, causation in ecosystems, biological systems, economic systems, and social systems tends not to be direct, but is no less causal. . . . Global warming systemically caused the huge and ferocious Hurricane Sandy. And consequently, it systemically caused all the loss of life, material damage, and economic loss of Hurricane Sandy. Global warming heated the water of the Gulf and Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, resulting in greatly increased energy and water vapor in the air above the water. When that happens, extremely energetic and wet storms occur more frequently and ferociously. These systemic effects of global warming came together to produce the ferocity and magnitude of Hurricane Sandy. The precise details of Hurricane Sandy cannot be predicted in advance, any more than when, or whether, a smoker develops lung cancer, or sex without contraception yields an unwanted pregnancy, or a drunk driver has an accident. But systemic causation is nonetheless causal."

  • Michael, "Are We Entering The Worst Period For Natural Disasters In U.S. History?" (21 May 2013): "The tornado that just hit the town of Moore, Oklahoma is already being called one of the most destructive tornadoes that America has ever seen. That tornado came almost two years to the day after the deadliest tornado in U.S. history hit Joplin, Missouri. But of course it is not just tornadoes that seem to be getting more powerful. Giant sinkholes are appearing at an unprecedented rate, earthquakes are becoming more frequent and more powerful, 6 of the 10 worst years for wildfires ever recorded in the United States have all come since the year 2000, and the western part of the country is experiencing the worst stretch of drought since the days of the Great Depression. "

  • Gene Clancy, "Tornadoes and capitalism devastate Oklahoma" (25 May 2013): "On the afternoon of May 20, a force equal to 600 times the Hiroshima atomic bomb’s power struck the city of Moore, Okla. The giant tornado, 1.3 miles wide, cut a swath over 17 miles long, killing . . . and injuring. Over 13,000 homes and other structures were destroyed, with property damage expected to top $2 billion. . . . The twister was rated by the National Weather Service as an EF5, the most powerful rating given, and produced wind speeds of 200 to 210 miles per hour. According to engineering experts, a wind speed of 160 mph or greater is sufficient to turn any unsecured object of any weight (including automobiles) into rapidly accelerating projectiles. In winds of 190 mph or greater, a 40,000 pound container secured to a concrete slab would be turned on its side and begin to roll with the slab attached. If dirt or sand is incorporated into the wind, as is often the case in a tornado, the force measured in pounds per square inch is 40 to 100 percent higher! (pssurvival.com). Little wonder that the tornado which swept through Moore literally flattened everything in its path . . . . Over 37 billion federal dollars were spent on the military in Oklahoma in 2009 alone (usgovernmentspending.com). At an average estimated price of $4,000 per shelter (AP), every one of the 13,000 homes and schools destroyed in Moore could have been equipped with a shelter for approximately $52 million, a little more than one thousandth of the amount spent on the military in Oklahoma in 2009.")

  • Chris Carrington, "The Cascadia Fault Line: Locked, Loaded And Ready To Fire" (Wednesday, 19 June 2013) ("The entire wall of water displaced when the plates slip hurtles outwards in all directions from the epicentre of the quake. As the waves approach the continental shelf the water at the back of the wave starts to catch up with the water at the front of the wave, which has slowed down as it moves up the incline that marks the start of the continental land mass. It is this that allows the water to build up and give the tsunami its characteristic ‘wall of water’ appearance. . . . The water will just keep on coming, flowing forward taking almost everything in its path with it. It may or may not be followed by more waves, there is no way to know if it will be a solo wave or a series until it happens. There is also no way to know in advance how deep the water will be. The tsunami caused by an earthquake in Lituya Bay Alaska in 1958 reached 1720 feet.")

  • Patricia Leigh Brown, "A Disease Without a Cure Spreads Quietly in the West" (New York Times, 4 July 2013) ("Coccidioidomycosis, known as 'cocci," is an insidious airborne fungal disease in which microscopic spores in the soil take flight on the wind or even a mild breeze to lodge in the moist habitat of the lungs and, in the most extreme instances, spread to the bones, the skin, the eyes or the brain. The infection [valley fever], which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has labeled 'a silent epidemic,' is striking more people each year, with more than 20,000 reported cases annually throughout the Southwest, especially in California and Arizona. Many scientists believe that the uptick in infections is related to [global warming].")

  • Juergen Steinmetz, "Nuclear-contaminated Pacific Ocean may become a global threat" (Wednesday, 24 July 2013) ("The crippled Fukushima Nuclear Plant in Japan is leaking highly contaminated water into the Pacific Ocean. This is continuing by the minute causing great concern not only for Japan, but for all nations bordering on the Pacific Ocean, including the United States, Canada, Russia and most Pacific Island nations.")

  • Alex Knapp, "Melting Polar Ice Cap Created A Lake On Top Of The World" (Forbes, 27 July 2013) ("Slowly but surely over the past decades, the average size of the ice cap has been shrinking. Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached the lowest point ever recorded. . . . Antarctic permafrost is melting, too. (Permafrost is soil that’s been at below freezing temperatures for several years.) Melting permafrost, even more than melting ice, is a signifier of rising average temperatures. . . . Permafrost is melting faster in the Arctic, too, and that’s a cause for major concern. That’s because permafrost in the Arctic contains large amounts of methane. As the Arctic permafrost melts, that methane then escapes into the atmosphere. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas – it traps significantly more heat than carbon dioxide.")

  • James Nye, "Apocalypse Now" (10 October 2013) ("Unstoppable man-made climate change will become reality by the end of the decade and could make New York, London and Paris uninhabitable within 45 years, claims new study.")

  • Douglas Main, "Arctic Temperatures Reach Highest Levels in 44,000 Years, Study Finds " (24 October 2013) ("New research shows that average summer temperatures in the Canadian Arctic over the last century are the highest in the last 44,000 years, and perhaps the highest in 120,000 years. . . . 'This study really says the warming we are seeing is outside any kind of known natural variability, and it has to be due to increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.'")

  • Nilima Choudhury, "Amazon destruction could cut US rainfall by 50%" (14 November 2013) ("Over 1.4 billion acres of dense forest make up the Amazon basin producing one quarter of the world’s oxygen supply. . . . The total deforestation of the Amazon may reduce rain and snowfall in the western US, resulting in water and food shortages, and a greater risk of forest fires. . . . . an Amazon stripped bare could mean 20% less rain for the coastal Northwest and a 50% reduction in the Sierra Nevada snowpack, a crucial source of water for cities and farms in California.")

  • Pope Francis: “Thou shalt not frack!” (15 November 2013)   (“This week . . . Pope Francis met with Argentine filmmaker Fernando 'Pino' Solanas (La Guerra del Fracking -- The Fracking War) and environmental activist Juan Pablo Olsson at the Vatican to discuss fracking and water pollution. . . . [inasmuch as] God gave us the Earth to be stewards of, then injecting millions of gallons of water and chemicals into the ground to fracture massive rocks for their extra oil and gas and in the process threatening the air we breathe, the water we drink, the communities we love and the climate on which we all depend, seems like a really bad idea. . . . 'God has put a lot of love into this creation,' Hasenbrink says, explaining what he considers the natural affinity between faith and environmental stewardship. 'When you look around, you can only be in awe of how well-conceived everything is, and we humans are called upon to not only be beneficiaries but to intelligently and responsibly sustain this creation.'”)

  • Sonali Kolhatkar, “Haiyan: A Disaster Made Worse By Greed” (16 November 2013) ( “While the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report is 95 percent confident that global warming is caused by human activity, what falls out of the scope of the report is which humans are responsible.”)

  • Richard Smith, “Sleepwalking to Extinction: Capitalism and the destruction of life and earth” (16 November 2013)   (“Radical economist Richard Smith shows us a way out of the 'climate madness' about to descend everywhere.” "Carbon concentrations have not been this high since the Pliocene period, between 3m and 5m years ago, when global average temperatures were 3°C or 4°C hotter than today, the Arctic was ice-free, sea levels were about 40m higher and jungles covered northern Canada; Florida, meanwhile, was under water along with other coastal locations we now call New York, London, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Sydney and many others. Crossing this threshold has fuelled fears that we are fast approaching converging 'tipping points' — melting of the subarctic tundra or the thawing and releasing of the vast quantities of methane in the Arctic sea bottom — that will accelerate global warming beyond any human capacity to stop it.”)

  • Gwynne Dyer, Ph.D., "Typhoon Haiyan: Nature's Early Warning System?" (17 November 2013) ("There are going to be a lot of refugees, and not many places that are willing to let them in. "   "Haiyan may really be an early warning of what is to come, not just for the Philippines but for China and Japan, Burma and Bangladesh, the Windward Islands and Florida — indeed, for any coastal area that is within 1,000 kilometres of the usual tracks of tropical storms. And at some point, people will decide that it's just not worth living in such constant danger. They will become, for want of a better word, 'climate refugees.' In some areas, it will be frequent megastorms that drive them out. In other areas it will be drought and desertification, or heat so great that it kills the crops that people depend on. There are going to be a lot of refugees, and not many places that are willing to let them in. Lucille Sering is right: this is an early warning of how the warming will unfold, and what the impacts on human societies will be. But we are getting lots of early warnings, and so far we are managing to ignore them all.")

  • Michael Walsh, "Fast-moving tornadoes, severe thunderstorms kill at least 8 as destruction spreads across Midwest: National Weather Service estimated 53 million people in 10 states were at risk from formidable mixture of tornadoes and rolling thunder" (New York Daily News, 17 November 2013) ("Dozens of tornadoes and intense thunderstorms swept across the Midwest on Sunday, leaving at least eight people dead and unleashing powerful winds that flattened entire neighborhoods, flipped over cars and uprooted trees. Illinois took the brunt of the fury as the string of unusually powerful late-season tornadoes tore across the state, injuring dozens and even prompting officials at Chicago's Soldier Field to evacuate the stands and delay the Bears game. On Monday, officials confirmed two storm-related deaths in Michigan.")

  • Bill Bigelow, "Teaching the Terrifying Math of Climate Change: 'The Mystery of the 3 Scary Numbers'" (20 December 2013) (". . . there are just three numbers that we need to pay attention to in order to reach some radical conclusions about the future of fossil fuels. The first number is 2 degrees Celsius, or about 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit. . . . The second scary number is 565 gigatons—or 565 thousand million tons. That's humanity's carbon “budget”—how much carbon dioxide we can pour into the atmosphere with a reasonable chance of keeping global temperatures to a 2 degrees Celsius increase. . . . the final number . . . makes the other two numbers so frightening: 2,795 gigatons. This number represents the stored carbon in reserves held by coal, oil, and gas companies, and the countries—Kuwait, for example—that act like fossil fuel companies.")

  • Lauren McCauley, "Rising Seas, Sinking Coasts Spell Doom for Eastern US" (Tuesday, 14 January 2014) ("The devastating impact of global warming induced sea level rise has become increasingly clear as powerful surges, coastal flooding and rapid erosion are more and more frequently wreaking havoc along the eastern seaboard of the United States. . . . The sinking . . . is occurring 'all the way from southern Maine to northern Florida,' and is most dramatic in the Chesapeake Bay region where whole island communities have already washed out to sea. . . . the U.S. cities most under threat from future coastal flooding include Miami, Virginia Beach, Va., and Jacksonville, Fla. with Boston and New York City closely following.")

  • Deborah Snow and Peter Hannam, “Climate Change Could Make Humans Extinct, Warns Health Expert” (31 March 2014)   (“The Earth is warming so rapidly that unless humans can arrest the trend, we risk becoming 'extinct' as a species.”)

  • Chris Mooney, “How To Convince Conservative Christians That Global Warming Is Real” (2 May 2014)   (“If you believe that God created the world, and basically gave it to humans as this incredible gift to live on, then why would you treat it like garbage? Treating the world like garbage says a lot about how you think about the person who you believe created the Earth.”)

  • Ice melt in part of Antarctica 'appears unstoppable,' NASA says” (“Region has enough ice to raise global sea levels by 4 feet - NASA” 12 May 2014. "The complete melting of a major section of west Antarctica's ice sheet appears inevitable, and the process could lead to higher end-of-century global sea levels than previously anticipated, researchers said Monday. Warm ocean currents and geographic peculiarities helped kick off a chain reaction at the Amundsen Sea-area glaciers, melting them faster than previously realized and pushing them “past the point of no return," NASA glaciologist Eric Rignot told reporters by phone Monday. The glacial retreat there "appears unstoppable," said Rignot, lead author of a joint NASA-University of California Irvine paper that used 40 years of satellite data and aircraft studies.”)

  • Tom Engelhardt, “The 95% Doctrine - Climate Change as a Weapon of Mass Destruction” (TomDispatch, 22 May 2014) (leading to “a series of 'irreversible' disasters that could essentially burn us and much other life off the Earth.”)

  • Is it time we start saying the E word?” (30 May 2014)   (“It is pretty good odds that a mass extinction is going on right now as you read this. . . . The Earth's atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere is a single connected system. Extinction is a dire word for an extreme event. . . . not all species would be physically able to migrate to new locations with equivalent conditions as the Earth hots up. And with lots of species, the models predicted that their new environment would be considerably smaller than their old habitats - a basic tenet of ecology is that smaller areas support fewer species. Using the mid-range climate predictions, the researchers found that by 2050 between 15 and 37 per cent of the species would be on the 'slippery slope' to extinction.”)

  • Tom Bawden, “Climate Change Will ‘Cost World Far More Than Estimated’” (The Independent, 16 June 2014)   (“The world's most authoritative climate economist, has issued a stark warning that the financial damage caused by global warming will be considerably greater than current models predict. . . . The new model [data] also takes into account that climate change can damage not just economic output, but productivity.”)

  • Martha Baskin and Mary Bruno, “Acid Seas Threaten Creatures That Supply Half the World's Oxygen” (17 June 2014) (“What happens when phytoplankton, the (mostly) single-celled organisms that constitute the very foundation of the marine food web, turn toxic? Their toxins often concentrate in the shellfish and many other marine species (from zooplankton to baleen whales) that feed on phytoplankton. . . . ocean acidification will dangerously alter these microscopic plants, which nourish a menagerie of sea creatures and produce up to 60 percent of the earth's oxygen.”)

  • Jon Queally, "World's Largest Ice Sheets Melting at Fastest Rates in Recorded History" (22 August 2014) ("The world's two largest ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at the fastest rates ever recorded . . . What the detailed look at the ice shows is devastating.")

  • Karl Grossman, "Secret Report Says Diablo Canyon Nuke Plant on Shaky Ground" (CounterPunch, 27 August 2014) ("raises serious questions about the ability of California's last remaining nuclear power plant to survive an earthquake on any of Diablo Canyon's several fault lines. . . . In 2008 yet another fault was discovered, the Shoreline Fault—[only] 650 yards from the Diablo Canyon plants.")

  • Jon Queally, "'Severe... Pervasive... Irreversible': IPCC's Devastating Climate Change Conclusions" (27 August 2014)

  • Helen Fields and Alanna Mitchell, "Heavy Metal Songs: Contaminated Songbirds Sing Wrong Tunes," Environmental Health News (28 August 2014) ("mercury is a potent toxicant: It disrupts the architecture of human brains, and it can change birds’ behavior and kill their chicks. . . . mercury also alters the very thing that many birds are known for – their songs.")

  • Katie Valentine, "Canada Tops The World In Forest Degradation Thanks To Climate Change, Logging And Energy Development" (5 September 2014)   ("more than 104 million hectares (about 401,546 square miles) — . . . three times the size of Germany — of the world’s remaining large, undisturbed forests, or Intact Forest Landscapes, were degraded in the last 13 years.")

  • "Climate Change May Cause 'Serious, Pervasive And Irreversible' Damage: Report" (26 October 2014) ("warming could, for instance, trigger impacts irreversible on human time scales such as a runaway meltdown of Greenland's ice that would raise sea levels and swamp coasts from Florida to Bangladesh.")

  • Kathlee Freeman, “Dirt in Danger: How Soil Around the World is Threatened” (Common Dreams, 30 October 2014) (“According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), “Half of the topsoil on the planet has been lost in the last 150 years.” Additionally, “as a result of erosion over the past 40 years, 30 percent of the world’s arable land has become unproductive.”) (click here for background).

  • "'Where's the Global Warming?' thought Buffalonian; then they looked at a map" (21 November 2014) ("6 ft of snow condensed out of extra water evaporated from an unusually warm lake")

  • Andrea Germanos, "Planet Already on 'Unavoidable Course to Warming': World Bank Report" (24 November 2014) ("Findings of new report are 'alarming,' global body states")

  • Brian Murphy, AP Religion Writer, in “Green Gospels: Environmental movement hits religious mainstream,” The Macomb Daily, page 3B (8 July 2006), cites Patriarch Bartholmew I as leading “green journeys" to promote the environment. “More than a decade ago . . . the spiritual leader of the world's Orthodox Christians [concluded] that pollution and other attacks on the environment could be considered sins." "In June, Pope Benedict XVI [said] to shun 'fake freedoms which destroy the environment and man.'" "In Iran, Grand Ayatollah Yusef Saanei said it was 'the duty of every Muslim' to protect the environment. Many fatwas, or religious edicts, across the Muslim world echo similar Quranic readings that God entrusted humans to protect the earth."

    Murphy also cited "Muslim clerics urging weather conservation in the fast-growing Gulf states [and] evangelical preachers in the United States calling attention to global warming." "[T]he Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life draws clear links between Judaic traditions and the battles to ease global warming. In China, a Buddhist conference in April urged greater emphasis on environmental protection. Hindu religious scholars have raised alarms about possible environmental fallout from the rapid modernization in India."

    Murphy also said, "[t]he Evangelical Environmental Network--best known for its clean-air campaign "What Would Jesus Drive?'--opened a new effort earlier this year against global warming, the Evangelical Climate Initiative."

    Dominique Browning,"Religion and Climate Change" (January 2010) is to the effect that religion harnesses the power of love and faith, both of which bind us to nature, other humans and the health of our planet, and inspires us to take action when these are in danger.

    See also Colin Woodard, "Orthodox leader blesses green agenda," The Christian Science Monitor (24 July 2003). "Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew . . . has urged fellow clerics to see protecting the environment as 'God's work.'" "To protect the oceans is to do God's work." "To harm them, even if we are ignorant of the harm we cause, is to diminish His divine creation." "In 1997, Bartholomew declared that the wanton destruction of nature was a sin, as were actions that caused the extinction of species; altered the climate; stripped the world of its forests; and poisoned the air, land, and water." See also the Ecumenical Patriarchate Website.

    For similar views, see
  • Douglas S. Winnail, "How Will the Earth Be Restored?" and "Eco-crisis — the Real Significance!," and Revelation 8:7-11, 16:3-4, and 8-9, and Joel 1:17-20 (predictions of environmental devastation and scorching heat), caused by the "destroyers of the earth," Revelation 11:18. Said "destroyers of the earth" will initially kill a third of the sea creatures, Revelation 8:8-9, then all of them, Revelation 16:3.

  • Charles Caldwell Ryrie, Th.D., Ph.D., The Ryrie Study Bible (Chicago: Moody Bible Institute, 1976) agrees, see, e.g., comment on Revelation 8:11: "This plague will make a third part of the fresh water supply of earth unfit for human consumption," until reaching 100% unfit in Rev. 16:3
    The destroying of the planet includes the foreseen killing of almost all of mankind.   Jeremiah 25:33,   Revelation 6:8 (25% killed leaving 75% left),   Revelation 9:15 (33% killed leaving 42% left),   Revelation 9:18 (33% killed leaving 9% left), and Matthew 24:22 (the remaining 9%, "few people left" (Isaiah 24:3, 6). Fortunately, divine intervention stops the final holocaust before the remaining 9% of humanity are killed.
    Compare with warnings against business activity, Nehemiah 13:20-21, Zechariah 14:21, Matthew 21:12-13, Mark 11:15-17, Luke 19:45-46, Acts 19:23-28, and Revelation 18:11-20). See example citing that corporate "priests destroy the forests and mountains." And see lobbyist Dick Armey deny the truth of Revelation 11:18.
    Deniers are warned against, 2 Peter 3:4, referencing the false claim that all things continue as before, thus denying the Bible on subjects including but not limited to this. Deniers cite for example, an early writing, Genesis 8:22, to refute that subsequent writing, 2 Peter 3:4!!   Such deniers are an example of false religionists warned against in, e.g., 2 Corinthians 11:13-15.)   For an example of such deniers, see, e.g., Elizabeth Kolbert, "Uncomfortable Climate" (The New Yorker, 22 November 2010), "House Republicans and their Tea Party are not content to ignore the science of global warming. Now they have decided to go after the scientists…"
    See also youtube video showing the subject in risk analysis terms. While comedic in tone, it presents serious information.
  • Marc D. Davidson, in "Parallels in reactionary argumentation in the US congressional debates on the abolition of slavery and the Kyoto Protocol," Climatic Change, Vol 86 (# 1-2) (January 2008), pp 67-82, cites "similarities between the rationalisation of slavery in the abolition debates and the rationalisation of ongoing emissions of greenhouse gases in the US congressional debates on the Kyoto Protocol." Historically we see how preposterous the claims made in favour of slavery were. Prof. Davidson argues that they bear striking resemblance to claims made against taking action on climate change. The implication is that some years down the line, in a century or two perhaps, the comments of climate "deniers" will seem just as shocking as those of the slave owners of the 1800s.

    Edward Harris, "Rain Forests Fall at ‘Alarming’ Rate" (3 February 2008) ("Deforestation continues at an alarming rate of about 13 million hectares (32 million acres) a year . . . that means 50,000 square miles of tropical forest are being cleared every 12 months - equivalent to one Mississippi or more than half a Britain”). See also Sir Martin Rees, "Earth in its final century?"

    Frances Fitzgerald, "The New Evangelicals," The New Yorker (30 June 2008), pp 28-34.


              Smoking leads to alcoholism, drug abuse, mental disorder. All of these impair judgement, including management of resources for the future.

              Cigarettes contain toxic chemicals. Deaths are "natural and probable consequences." Pursuant to standard lawbook definitions, nonsmokers' involuntary foreseeable deaths constitute murder. The high number of deaths is a "holocaust" according to the Royal Society of Physicians' 1971 criteria, and is part of the total genocide problem.


    Prevention of Deforestation Via Banning Cigarettes

             In 1897, Tennessee passed what was in essence a 'deforestation prevention act,' in the form of a law banning manufacture and sale of deleterious and adulterated cigarettes. The tobacco lobby sued to have the Tennessee law struck down as supposedly unconstitutional. However, the courts upheld the law—all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court.

             Soon Michigan followed Tennessee's lead. In 1909, during the administration of three-term activist Governor Fred Warner, the Michigan legislature passed a law forbidding manufacture, giveaway, and sale of cigarettes. That law, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, serving as a deforestation prevention act, bans

    "any person within the state" from action that "manufactures, sells or gives to anyone, any cigarette containing any ingredient deleterious to health or foreign to tobacco . . . ."

              Of course, all cigarettes contain deleterious items. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress: a Report of the Surgeon General, Publication CDC 89-8411, Table 7, pp 86-87 (1989), lists examples of deleterious ingredients including but not limited to:

    acetaldehyde (1.4+ mg)arsenic (500+ ng)benzo(a)pyrene (.1+ ng)
    cadmium (1,300+ ng)crotonaldehyde (.2+ µg)chromium (1,000+ ng)
    ethylcarbamate 310+ ng)formaldehyde (1.6+ µg)hydrazine (14+ ng)
    lead (8+ µg)nickel (2,000+ ng)radioactive polonium (.2+ Pci)

    Wherefore cigarettes are illegal in Michigan. Enforcement of the law banning manufacture would foreseeably assist in the effort against deforestation. Former Michigan Governor John Engler and staff were paper supportive of action to enforce Michigan's law, issuing five pertinent memoranda.
    Exec Order 1992-3 Law Support Letter # 1 Anti-Cigarette Smuggling Finding Law Support Letter # 2 Governor's Overview


             What this site is asking is your help in (a) getting the, in essence, deforestation prevention law enforced, and (b) getting all other governments to pass the same law in their areas. Please help us save forests, by preventing the tobacco-related portion of deforestation.

             To fight this problem, here are four sample letters. "A" is to Governor Rick Snyder asking him to have the State Police enforce the Michigan law. "B" is to Attorney General Mike Cox asking him to enforce the law. Each has the authority to help. As both the Governor and Attorney General are lawyers, the letters are written in "legalese." Sample letter "C" is to the State Police Director asking for enforcement. Sample letter "D" is different, and is for you to send where the government still ignores the tobacco-deforestation link. It is to be sent to the President, Congress, other Governors, and state legislators.

    * * * Sample Letter A * * *

    Honorable Rick Snyder
    Governor, State of Michigan
    P. O. Box 30013
    Lansing MI 48909-7513

    Dear Governor Snyder:

             This is a request that you assign the Michigan State Police to enforce the deforestation prevention law, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216.

               "Clearing forests for tobacco production causes soil erosion and related ecological damage, and is responsible for deforestation in Brazil and in Africa," according to WFPHA Position Paper No. 98-1, adopted by the World Federation of Public Health Associations General Assembly, at its 32nd Annual Meeting 11 May 1998, citing D. Yach, Tobacco in Africa, World Health Forum, Vol. 17, 1996, and the Forum on Global Tobacco Control Policies - Background, San Francisco Tobacco Free Coalition.

                A 24 May 1999 British Medical Journal Tobacco Control Press Release reports that "An estimated 200,000 hectares of forest and woodland are removed by tobacco farming every year."

              The cigarette control law, in essence a deforestation prevention act, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, prevents the tobacco aspect of deforestation.

             The deforestation prevention act, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, forbids "any person within the state" from action that "manufactures, sells or gives to anyone, any cigarette containing any ingredient deleterious to health or foreign to tobacco . . . ." Please assign the Michigan State Police to enforce it, and aid county sheriffs and local police departments to do likewise.

             All cigarettes are deleterious, their label admits they are, and most if not all are adulterated with additives. MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, puts personal responsibility on those with most knowledge of the contraband substance (manufacturers and sellers), not on unwary consumers, often children.

             State Police enforcement action is a normal action that they do in other state-wide law violation situations. There are precedents as well. Austin v State, 101 Tenn 563; 48 SW 305; 70 Am St Rep 703 (1898) aff'd 179 US 343 (1898); Shimp v N J Bell Tele Co, 145 N J Super 516; 368 A2d 408 (1976); Commonwealth v Hughes, 468 Pa 502; 364 A2d 306 (1976); and Smith v Western Elec Co, 643 SW2d 10, 13 (Mo App, 1982).

             As a matter of law, all persons suffering from this deleterious and adulterated product need enforcement to occur. Please assign the State Police to protect us all, by enforcing the deforestation prevention act, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216. Please have them halt the rampant violations, and interdict deleterious and adulterated cigarettes.

    Respectfully,

    * * * Sample Letter B * * *

    Honorable Mike Cox
    Attorney General, State of Michigan
    P. O. Box 30213
    Lansing MI 48909

    Dear Attorney General Cox:

             This is a request that you take "cease and desist" action to stop violations of the deforestation prevention law, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216.

               "Clearing forests for tobacco production causes soil erosion and related ecological damage, and is responsible for deforestation in Brazil and in Africa," according to WFPHA Position Paper No. 98-1, adopted by the World Federation of Public Health Associations General Assembly, at its 32nd Annual Meeting 11 May 1998, citing D. Yach, Tobacco in Africa, World Health Forum, Vol. 17, 1996, and the Forum on Global Tobacco Control Policies - Background, San Francisco Tobacco Free Coalition.

                A 24 May 1999 British Medical Journal Tobacco Control Press Release reports that "An estimated 200,000 hectares of forest and woodland are removed by tobacco farming every year."

              The cigarette control law, in essence a deforestation prevention act, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, prevents the tobacco aspect of deforestation.

             The deforestation prevention act, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, forbids "any person within the state" from action that "manufactures, sells or gives to anyone, any cigarette containing any ingredient deleterious to health or foreign to tobacco . . . ." "Cease and desist" action is an action you take in other state-wide law violation cases.

             All cigarettes are deleterious, their label admits they are, and most if not all are adulterated with additives. MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, puts personal responsibility on those with most knowledge of the contraband substance (manufacturers and sellers), not on unwary consumers, often children.

             "Cease and desist" action is a normal action that you do in other state-wide law violation situations. There are precedents, for example, Austin v State, 101 Tenn 563; 48 SW 305; 70 Am St Rep 703 (1898) aff'd 179 US 343 (1898); Shimp v N J Bell Tele Co, 145 N J Super 516; 368 A2d 408 (1976); Commonwealth v Hughes, 468 Pa 502; 364 A2d 306 (1976); and Smith v Western Elec Co, 643 SW2d 10, 13 (Mo App, 1982).

    As a matter of law, all persons suffering from this deleterious and adulterated product need enforcement to occur. Please take "cease and desist" action to protect us all, by enforcing the cigarette control law, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216. Please take "cease and desist" action to halt the rampant violations.

    Respectfully,

    * * * Sample Letter C * * *

    Col. Peter C. Munoz, Director
    Department of State Police
    714 South Harrison Road
    East Lansing MI 48823

    Dear Col. Munoz:

    This is a request that you assign officers to enforce the deforestation prevention law, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216.

               "Clearing forests for tobacco production causes soil erosion and related ecological damage, and is responsible for deforestation in Brazil and in Africa," according to WFPHA Position Paper No. 98-1, adopted by the World Federation of Public Health Associations General Assembly, at its 32nd Annual Meeting 11 May 1998, citing D. Yach, Tobacco in Africa, World Health Forum, Vol. 17, 1996, and the Forum on Global Tobacco Control Policies - Background, San Francisco Tobacco Free Coalition.

                A 24 May 1999 British Medical Journal Tobacco Control Press Release reports that "An estimated 200,000 hectares of forest and woodland are removed by tobacco farming every year."

              The cigarette control law, in essence a deforestation prevention act, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, prevents the tobacco aspect of deforestation.

             The law, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, forbids "any person within the state" from action that "manufactures, sells or gives to anyone, any cigarette containing any ingredient deleterious to health or foreign to tobacco . . . ." Please work with prosecutors, assign officers to enforce the law, and aid county sheriffs and local police departments to do likewise.

             All cigarettes are deleterious, their label admits they are, and most if not all are adulterated with additives. MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, puts personal responsibility on those with most knowledge of the contraband substance (manufacturers and sellers), not on unwary consumers, often children.

             State Police enforcement action is a normal action that officers do in other state-wide law violation situations. There are precedents as well. Austin v State, 101 Tenn 563; 48 SW 305; 70 Am St Rep 703 (1898) aff'd 179 US 343 (1898); Shimp v N J Bell Tele Co, 145 N J Super 516; 368 A2d 408 (1976); Commonwealth v Hughes, 468 Pa 502; 364 A2d 306 (1976); and Smith v Western Elec Co, 643 SW2d 10, 13 (Mo App, 1982).

             As a matter of law, all persons suffering from this deleterious and adulterated product need enforcement to occur. Please assign officers to protect us all, by enforcing the cigarette control law, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216. Please have them halt the rampant violations, and interdict deleterious and adulterated cigarettes.

    Respectfully,

    * * * Sample Letter D * * *

    President George W. BushU.S. Senator _______U.S. Representative __Governor ___ State Senator __State Representative __
    1600 Pennsylvania AvenueSenate Office BuildingHouse Office BuildingState CapitolState CapitolState Capitol
    Washington DC 20500Washington DC 20510Washington DC 20515City State ZipCity State ZipCity State Zip

             This is a request that you take action to get a law passed that will serve as a deforestation prevention law. Michigan already has such a law. It is law number MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216. It has an effect of dealing with the tobacco link to deforestation.

               "Clearing forests for tobacco production causes soil erosion and related ecological damage, and is responsible for deforestation in Brazil and in Africa," according to WFPHA Position Paper No. 98-1, adopted by the World Federation of Public Health Associations General Assembly, at its 32nd Annual Meeting 11 May 1998, citing D. Yach, Tobacco in Africa, World Health Forum, Vol. 17, 1996, and the Forum on Global Tobacco Control Policies - Background, San Francisco Tobacco Free Coalition.

                A 24 May 1999 British Medical Journal Tobacco Control Press Release reports that "An estimated 200,000 hectares of forest and woodland are removed by tobacco farming every year."

             The Michigan cigarette control law, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, in essence, a deforestation prevention act, serves to preclude that aspect of deforestation linked to tobacco.

             Please get a copy of that law, which in essence forbids "any person within the state" from action that "manufactures, sells or gives to anyone, any cigarette containing any ingredient deleterious to health or foreign to tobacco . . . ."

             All cigarettes are deleterious, their label admits they are, and most if not all are adulterated with additives. Michigan's well-written law act deals with a cause of deforestation (not to mention disease and death). Michigan's act puts personal responsibility on those with most knowledge of the contraband substance (manufacturers and sellers who know its harmful effects), not on unwary consumers, often children.

             As a matter of protecting us all, we all need you to take action to get a tobacco-related deforestation prevention act adopted. Please take action to copy the Michigan law, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, so all of us can benefit from its wise prevention-oriented approach.

    Respectfully,

    * * * * *

    Please re-type, add recipient addresses where unlisted,
    add your name and return address, sign, and mail the above letters.
    The person you save may be yourself or your friend.
    If you wish, you can use different wording.

    Related Medical Data Web Sites
    Cigarettes' Toxic Chemicals Medical Statistics Smoker Crime Smoker Heart Disease
    Prevent SIDS Smoker Addiction Smoker Brain Damage Smoker Mental Disorder

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