Spain
Aragon - Castile

Ferdinand V, 1506-1516 Charles I, 1516-1556 (aka Emperor Charles V) (sponsored Magellan) (Spain's Bankruptcy I, 1547) HABSBURG: Philip II, 1556-1598 (Spain's Bankruptcy II, 1597) Philip III, 1598-1621 Philip IV, 1621-1665 Charles II, 1665-1700 BOURBON: Philip V, 1700-1746 (See War of Spanish Succession) Ferdinand VI, 1746-1759 Charles III, 1759-1788 Charles IV, 1788-1808 BONAPARTE: Joseph, 1808-1813 BOURBON: Ferdinand VII, 1813-1833 Isabella II, 1833-1868 (Overthrown; then Interregnum) SAVOY: Amadeo, 1870-1873 Republic, 1873-1874 BOURBON: Alphonso XII, 1875-1885 Alphonso XIII, 1886-1931 Republic, Civil War and Francisco Franco, 1931-1979 (background and history) BOURBON: Juan Carlos, 1979- (Grandson of Alphonso XIII)

Sweden

Olaf, 993-1024 __________ Eric IX, 1150-1162 __________ Earl Birger, 1248-1266 __________ Magnus, 1279-1290 __________ Albert, 1365-1388 __________ Gustavus I, Vasa, 1523-1560 Eric XIV, 1560-1568 John III, 1568-1592 Gustavus II, Adolphus, 1611-1632 Christina, 1632-1654 Charles X, 1654-1660 Charles XI, 1660-1697 Charles XII, 1697-1718 __________ Frederick I, 1720-1751 Adolphus, 1751-1771 Gustavus III, 1771-1792 Gustavus IV, 1792-1809 Charles XIII, 1809-1818 Charles XIV, 1818-1844 Oscar I, 1844-1859 Charles XV, 1859-1872 Oscar II, 1872-1907 Gustavus V, 1907-1950 Gustavus VI, 1950- For more information, click here, http://www.historiesajten.se/

Venezuela Presidents

See Wikipedia list Current November 2007 News: "Coup D'Etat Rumblings In Venezuela," by Stephen Lendman (19 November 2007)

United States Presidents

During the "Continental Congress" / Revolution Era

1. Peyton Randolph, 5 Sep 1774 - 21 Oct 1774 2. Henry Middleton, 22 Oct 1774 - 10 May 1775 3. Peyton Randolph, 10 May 1775 - 23 May 1775 (same as #1) 4. John Hancock, 24 May 1775 - 30 Oct 1777 5. Henry Laurens, 1 Nov 1777 - 9 Dec 1778 6. John Jay, 10 Dec 1778 - 27 Sep 1779 (later first U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice) 7. Samuel Huntington, 28 Sep 1779 - 28 Feb 1781

Under the Articles of Confederation

1. Samuel Huntington, 1 March - 6 July 1781 (same as #7 above) 2. Thomas McKea, 10 July 1781 - 4 Nov 1781 3. John Hanson, 5 Nov 1781 - 4 Nov 1782 4. Elias Boudinot, 4 Nov 1782 - 3 Nov 1783 5. Thomas Mifflin, 3 Nov 1783 - 3 June 1784 (interregnum) 6. Richard Henry Lee, 30 Nov 1784 - 23 Nov 1785 7. John Hancock, 23 Nov 1785 - 6 June 1786 (same as #4 in prior era above) 8. Nathan Gorman, 6 June 1786 - 13 Nov 1786 (interregnum) 9. Arthur St. Clair, 2 Feb 1787 - 29 Oct 1787 (interregnum) 10. Cyrus Griffin, 22 Jan 1788 - 4 March 1789

Under the Constitution

1. George Washington, April 1789 - 4 March 1797 2. John Adams, 4 March 1797 - 4 March 1801 3. Thomas Jefferson, 4 March 1801 - 4 March 1809 4. James Madison, 4 March 1809 - 4 March 1817 (Lecture, cites his per-slave profit from slavery) 5. James Monroe, 4 March 1817 - 4 March 1825 6. John Quincy Adams, 4 March 1825 - 4 March 1829 (he had come in second in the Electoral College; the House of Representatives then chose Adams, who had come in second) 7. Andrew Jackson, 4 March 1829 - 4 March 1837 (Had come in first in 1824 in the Electoral College, but was not chosen by the House; did War of Aggression, against Seminole Indians; resisted 1830's secession) 8. Martin Van Buren, 4 March 1837 - 4 March 1841 9. William H. Harrison, 4 March 1841 - April 1841 10. John Tyler, April 1841 - 4 March 1845 11. James K. Polk, 4 March 1845 - 4 March 1849 (Did War of Aggression against Mexico) 12. Zachary Taylor, 4 March 1849 - 9 July 1850 (supported, later opposed, extending slavery, so was evidently murdered by the Slave Power. For background, see Michael Parenti, Ph.D., History as Mystery (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1999), Chapter 6, pp 209-239, "The Strange Death of President Zachary Taylor, A Study in the Manufacture of Mainstream History" [cites poisons found in the body, e.g., arsenic and antimony, from the second poisoning effort, the one that succeeded, after the first poisoning was only partially effective]). 13. Millard Fillmore, 9 July 1850 - 4 March 1853 (signed Fugitive Slave Law, helping trigger the Civil War) 14. Franklin Pierce, 4 March 1853 - 4 March 1857 (alcoholic, slavery expansionist; obituary. His Commodore Parry Expedition threatened Japan with naval guns shelling Japan's capital city, threats leading to the counter-attack at Pearl Harbor, see, e.g., David Bergamini (1928-1983), Japan's Imperial Conspiracy (New York: Morrow, 1971).) 15. James Buchanan, 4 March 1857 - 4 March 1861 16. Abraham Lincoln, 4 March 1861 - 12 April 1865 (had opposed aggression against Mexico (1846); made Peoria Anti-Slavery Speech (1854); won First Civil War; was murdered by the Slave Power) 17. Andrew Johnson, 12 April 1865 - 4 March 1869 (Enabled the "Second Civil War" which the South would win, see, e.g., Profs. James M. Smallwood, Barry A. Crouch, and Larry Peacock, Murder and Mayhem: The War of Reconstruction in Texas (College Station: Texas A & M Univ Press, 2003) (Review 1,   2,   3). 18. Ulysses Grant, 4 March 1869 - 4 March 1877 (opposed U.S. aggression against Mexico; was killed by slaver tobacco) 19. Rutherford B. Hayes, 4 March 1877 - 4 March 1881 (Quoted; Election Background) 20. James Garfield, 4 March 1881 - 19 September 1881 (said, "The people are responsible for the character of their Congress. If that body be ignorant, reckless, and corrupt, it is because the people tolerate ignorance, recklessness, and corruption. If it be intelligent, brave, and pure, it is because the people demand these high qualities to represent them in the national legislature [Congress].") 21. Chester A. Arthur, 19 September 1881 - 4 March 1885 (had been anti-slavery lawyer in the Lemmon case) 22. Grover Cleveland, 4 March 1885 - 4 March 1889 23. Benjamin Harrison, 4 March 1889 - 4 March 1893 (conquest of Hawaii; Pledge of Allegiance composed) 24. Grover Cleveland, 4 March 1893 - 4 March 1897 25. William McKinley, 4 March 1897 - 1901 (Began war vs Philippines, killing 600,000; pretended God told him to do it!) 26. Theodore Roosevelt, 1901 - 4 March 1909 (Supported genocide against Indians; continued the war of aggression against the Philippines, to force them into the U.S. Empire; supported use of atrocities to demoralize civilians; was anti-union, predicted death penalty for union leaders; for background on the U.S. war of aggression vs. the Phillippines, and atrocities authorized by Roosevelt, see e.g., Profs. Fred Anderson and Andrew Cayton, The Dominion of War: Empire and Liberty in North America, 1500-2000 (New York: Viking, 2005), Chapter 8, pp 332-339 [HNN Review; PMHB Review; AHR Review.]) 27. William H. Taft, 4 March 1909 - 4 March 1913 28. T. Woodrow Wilson, 4 March 1913 - 4 March 1921 (Video; Fourteen Points) 29. Warren Harding, 4 March 1921 - 4 March 1923 30. Calvin Coolidge, 4 March 1923 - 4 March 1929 31. Herbert Hoover, 4 March 1929 - 4 March 1933 32. Franklin D. Roosevelt, 4 March 1933 - April 1945 (See Anti-FDR Coup Plot against America; for pre-War background, see, e.g., Lynne Olson, Those Angry Days: Roosevelt, Lindbergh, and America's Fight Over World War II, 1939-1941 [Random House, 2013]) 33. Harry S. Truman, April 1945 - 1953 (he defeated the anti-tobacco Thomas Dewey, 1948, by using large sums of tobacco lobby money; other of his bad decisions got the U.S. entangled in Vietnam, the Mideast, and other ill effects from which the U.S. still has not recovered) 34. Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1953 - 20 January 1961 (anti industrial-military complex; quoted in 1945 (in "Trouble in Germany," Time Magazine Monday, 22 Oct 1945) as saying, "let Germany find out what it means to start a war." Background.) 35. John F. Kennedy, 20 Jan 1961 - 22 Nov 1963 (Vietnam War; Executive Order 11110; Speech April 1961) 36. Lyndon Johnson, 22 Nov 1963 - 20 Jan 1969 (Senate Background. 37. Richard Nixon, 20 Jan 1969 - Aug 1974 (See "George Will confirms Nixon's Vietnam treason," by Bob Fitrakis and Harvey Wasserman: admitting Nixon's sabotaging the 1968 Vietnam War peace talks; such sabotage violates federal law 18 U.S.C. § 953 "banning private citizens from intruding into official government negotiations with a foreign nation") ("The only place you and I disagree . . . is with regard to the bombing. You're so goddamned concerned about the civilians, and I (in contrast) don't give a damn. I don't care . . . I'd rather use the nuclear bomb. . . Does that bother you? I just want you to think big" -- speaking to Secretary of State Henry Kissinger on the Watergate tapes. And see David Cortwright, Ph.D., Soldiers in Revolt: The American Military Today (Garden City, NY: Anchor Doubleday, 1975) Anthony Summers with Robbyn Swan, The Arrogance of Power: The Secret World of Richard Nixon (New York: Viking, 2000) David Zeiger, "Sir! No Sir!" (April 2006) [on GI's vs the Vietnam War. GI opposition to the war brought it to an end as they came to refuse en masse to fight it any longer] Ana Radelat, "Thousands of Troops Say They Won't Fight" (Gannett News Service, 5 August 2006) (a modern parallel to the troops being the ones to end the Vietnam War, this time to end the US aggression against Iraq).) John Pilger, "The Forgotten Coup: How America and Britain Crushed the Government of Their 'Ally', Australia" (23 October 2014) ("Australian politics never recovered, nor did the nation regain its true independence.") 38. Gerald R. Ford, Aug 1974 - 20 Jan 1977 (pro-genocide; Obituary) 39. James R. Carter, 20 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 40. Ronald Reagan, 20 Jan 1981 - 20 Jan 1989 (Symptoms; Cigarette Advertiser with Rock Hudson; Behavior) 41. George Bush, 20 Jan 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 42. William J. Clinton, 20 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001 43. George W. Bush, 20 Jan 2001-20 Jan 2009 (Election Background; Bush's Mental Disorder Background; Wife's Background; Details; Vincent Bugliosi, "The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder" (10 May 2008) (Review 1, and 2, due to the illegality of the Bush War of Aggression Against Iraq) (context)) See also Prof. Elvin T. Lim, The Anti-Intellectual Presidency: The Decline of Presidential Rhetoric from George Washington to George W. Bush (Oxford Univ. Press, 2012) (it's "been so long since an American xpresident has effectively and consistently presented well-crafted, intellectually substantive arguments to the American public") And see data by Jonathan R. T. Davidson, MD; Kathryn M. Connor, MD; and Marvin Swartz, MD, "Mental Illness In U.S. Presidents Between 1776 and 1974: A Review of Biographical Sources," Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease 194 (#1): 47-51, January 2006. They reviewed the "37 US Presidents from 1776 to 1974. . . . Eighteen (49%) Presidents met criteria suggesting psychiatric disorder: depression (24%), anxiety (8%), bipolar disorder (8%), and alcohol abuse/dependence (8%) were the most common. In 10 instances (27%), a disorder was evident during presidential office, which in most cases probably impaired job performance." Note also Brooklyn College English Prof. Eric Alterman, When Presidents Lie: A History of Deception and Its Consequences (Viking, September 2004). 44. Barack Obama, 20 Jan 2009- (IRS analysis of alleged 501(c)4 "Teap Parties" doing no "social welfare" but instead were tobacco lobby fronts and paid for as widely publicized) And see data by Prof. Clarence Lusane, Ph.D., Black History in the White House (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2011). Re default on national debt contemplated in October 2013, see “US May Join 1933 Germany in Pantheon of Deadbeat Defaults”   (MoneyNews, 14 October 2013). See also Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff, This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly (Princeton University Press, 11 September 2009) (book analyzing sovereign bankruptcies by "sixty-six countries across five continents" and show that "financial fallouts occur in clusters and strike with surprisingly consistent frequency, duration, and ferocity. They examine the patterns of currency crashes, high and hyperinflation, and government defaults on international and domestic debts--as well as the cycles in housing and equity prices, capital flows, unemployment, and government revenues around these crises.") "The U.S. Has Repeatedly Defaulted" (14 October 2013) ("It’s a Myth that the U.S. Has Never Defaulted On Its Debt . . . The first time was in 1790 . . . in which the United States defaulted on its external debt obligations. It also defaulted on its domestic debt obligations then, too. . . . in 1933, in the midst of the Great Depression, the United States had another domestic debt default related to the repayment of gold-based obligations. . . . on August 15, 1971, President Nixon “closed the gold window”, refusing to let foreign central banks redeem their dollars for gold, facilitating the devaluation of the U.S dollar which had been fixed relative to gold for almost thirty years." Note also: "The United States defaulted on some Treasury bills in 1979.") Michael Kling, "Millstein: Devastation From Default Could Last Generations" (MoneyNews, 14 October 2013) ("The ability of financial institutions to return the money deposited with them depends on the government's ability and willingness to pay principal and interest on Treasurys they're holding. If financial institutions are not paid, they'll be in 'a big pinch,' [James] Millstein [chairman of Millstein & Co. and former chief restructuring officer at the Treasury Department.] predicts. 'And when big financial institutions feel a pinch, the rest of us get squeezed, just like we did in 2008. Lending will come to a halt, spending will freeze up, businesses will stop hiring.'") "Red States Discover The Pain of Paying Their Own Way (14 October 2013) ("Everyone knows that national monuments are just there - right? The Federal government doesn't actually 'do' anything to operate them, right? Well many of these states that depend on tourism dollars from national monuments discovered in no time flat how much they count on the Federal government to subsidize them. And were forced to admit it. . . . Well isn't that exactly what conservatives want - private donations to keep unessential things like 'monuments' functioning? Just like we're supposed to rely on charity for our healthcare? . . . While blue states are also ponying up to keep their monuments and attractions open, it is well known that red states take more money from the federal government than they put in while the reverse is true of blue states. So it's a bit of an irony that they scream the loudest about intrusion from the nanny state and another bit of schadenfreude when they learn just how much they count on it.") Joan McCarter, "How House Republicans guaranteed a shutdown: by changing the rules" (14 October 2013) ("under normal procedure, any member would have been able to make a motion to bring the Senate bill to the floor. . . . Republicans changed the rule. They did it on the night of September 30, the eve of the shutdown, in a Rules Committee meeting. The rule change said that any motion to take up the Senate bill 'may be offered only by the majority Leader or his designee.'")