| Introduction | Medical Statistics | Explanation |
| Congress' Role | Prevention Laws | Letter-Writing |
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| "smokers have excesses of suicide: risks; thoughts; attempts; and deaths . . . Suicide [is] strongly . . . associated with smoking . . . independent of age, gender, exercise, cholesterol, race, low local income, diabetes, MI [myocardial infarction], etc. [variables]. Ex-smokers had lower suicide rates than current smokers. The pooled dose-response statistic [is] highly significant. . . . Suicide is prospectively, independently, consistently, strongly, and highly significantly dose-response associated with smoking."—Bruce N. Leistikow, M.D., M.S., D. Martin, J. Jacobs, M.D., M.P.H., and C. Sherman, Ph.D., "A Meta-Analysis of the Prospective Association Between Smoking and Suicide," 15 Journal of Addictive Diseases 141 (1996). |
| "The study . . . shows that adolescents who smoke are at an almost four-fold risk of developing high-level depressive symptoms. Other social factors, including previous experimentation with tobacco products, poor school performance, peer tobacco use, more frequent use of alcohol, and parent report of bad temper predicted progression to heavy smoking. The effect of smoking on the development of depression may be attributable to the impact of nicotine or other smoking by-products on the central nervous system. And, "current cigarette use is a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms." |
| "Depressed people who kill themselves are not simply upset over life's losses, such as divorce, death of a relative or unemployment. Rather, they suffer from [tobacco-induced] disorder of brain function, a major affective disorder, which has robbed them of the capacity to sustain enthusiasm, energy, and mental efficiency, and has plagued them with an agitated spirit and the often irrational conviction that life is not worth living and never will be . . . . People with this illness who kill themselves may indeed have sustained recent bereavements and other misfortunes, as everyone does eventually; but such events are usually not enough to convince people to kill themselves. Psychiatric illness is the usual precondition." |
| Dr. Hippolyte A. Depierris, Physiologie Sociale (Paris: Dentu, 1876), p 319, had said likewise a century earlier. He referenced the underlying factor, tobacco, on why suicides kill themselves: "Ils se tuaient par aberration de leur sens moral, ou de leur faculté d'aimer, dégradés par le narcotisme." They kill themselves due to aberration of the moral sense and normal loving faculty, degraded by tobacco narcotism. "Non, ce n'est pas de"—No, it is not because of the immediate preceding event.
"Avant le . . . tabac, la folie était une maladie très rare dans l'humanité," Depierris, p 346. Before tobacco, psychiatric illness was rare. |
| "I believe cigarette-smoking is decidedly injurious to young persons, and I speak from professional experience. . . . Cases of suicide among subjects under 38 to 40 years of age, the direct results of chronic intoxication from tobacco in the form of cigarettes, are found to happen and not so very infrequently." |
| "Three men, citizens of my native town, Greenboro, Vt., committed suicide in fits of hypochondria, induced by tobacco using. One cut his own throat; one hung himself with a chain to an apple tree, and the other, who was never known to expectorate, but swallowed the juice, shot himself." Reference: Meta Lander, The Tobacco Problem (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1882), p 177. |
| "could the causes of the many acts of suicide committed in the United States be investigated, it would be found that many instances were owing to the effects of tobacco upon the nervous system."—E. G. Moore, M.D., cited in Dr. Reuben D. Mussey, Health: Its Friends and Its Foes (Boston: Gould and Lincoln, 1862), p 123. |
| "Et les statistiques nous montrent que le nombre des suicides, depuis 1830 jusqu'à nos jours, a suivi la progression toujours ascendante de la consommation du tabac" [p 310].
Statistics 1830 to present show suicides as increasing with tobacco use. |
| "Mania is a fearful result of the excessive use of tobacco—two cases of which I have witnessed since the publication of this treatise. I have also to mention, that a gentleman called on me, and thanked me for the publication of my Observations on Tobacco, and related to me, with deep emotion, what had occurred in his own family from smoking tobacco. Two amiable younger brothers had gone deranged, and committed suicide. There is no hereditary predisposition to mania in the family." |
| "98 per cent of the suicides were clinically ill; 94 per cent of the psychiatrically ill."—Eli Robins M.D., et al, 49 Am J Public Health (#7) 899 (July 1959). The study also reported that "68 per cent of the total group were suffering from two diseases—manic-depressive depression or chronic alcoholism." "Those with manic-depressive disease were solely in the depressed phase at the time of their deaths. No person committed suicide while in the manic phase. . . ." |
| "Scientists have found specific abnormalities in brain chemicals in people who have attempted suicide. According to a survey of experts in the field, these biochemical deviations are one important element of suicidal behavior. . . . Dr. Ronald W. Maris, of the Center for the Study of Suicide at the University of South Carolina, carried out the survey. He summarized the results this way:
"'The survey consensus was that biochemical indicators tend to identify subsets of populations containing those individuals who are at high risk for suicide, if personal, social, cultural, and other factors are also conducive to suicide.'"—William A. Check, The Mind-Body Connection in Dale C. Garrell, MD, The Encyclopedia of Health: Medical Disorders and Their Treatment (New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990), pp 66-67. "The biochemical abnormality most often found in the brain of those who attempt suicide—particularly by violent means—is a low amount of serotonin. Several investigators have verified this finding. [In one study, every one] of those who attempted suicide had low serotonin levels." Check, supra, p 67. "Dr. Michael Stanley, director of neuroscience at the New York State Psychiatric Institute, has done similar research. He expresses the prevailing scientific view of suicide this way: 'Suicide occurs in people who have diagnoses of schizophrenia, personality disorder, depression, and alcoholism, and you find the same biochemical deficit [low serotonin] within these diagnostic groups. . . .'" Check, supra, pp 67-68. |
| "Native use of tobacco parallels that of other hallucinogenic substances . . . The amounts of harman and norharman in cigarette smoke are about 10-20 mcg. per cigarette. This is about 40 to 100 times greater than that found in the tobacco leaf, indicating that pyrosynthesis occurs in the leaves during the burning . . . . harmine in relatively small doses crosses the blood-brain barrier and causes changes in the neural transmission in the visual system." See Oscar Janiger, M.D., and Marlene Dobkin De Rios, M.D., "Nicotiana an Hallucinogen?," 30 Econ Bot 149-151 (April-June 1976). Hallucinogens function on the brain, adversely impacting it, by impact on brain chemicals such as serotonin. See Jacobs, Barry L, "How Hallucinogenic Drugs Work," 75 American Scientist (#4) 386-392 (Jul-Aug 1987). |
| "Since the much advertised cigarette is the principal cause of the unnecessary suffering, disability and death brought about by tobacco, and it is the malicious, false and misleading advertising of cigarettes which has been most responsible for the increased use of this drug in recent years . . . it is the effects of cigarette smoking . . . which are referred to . . . ." See Frank L. Wood, M.D., What You Should Know About Tobacco (Wichita, KS: The Wichita Publishing Co, 1944), p 8.
See also Lennox M. Johnston, "Tobacco Smoking As A Form of Self-Destruction—Individual and Communal," 63 Med World (London) 14-16 (1945). |
| "What difference is there between a smoker and a suicide, except that the one takes longer to kill himself than the other? Because of this perpetual smoking . . . life dries up and disappears . . . life itself flickers out. . . . " Translated from Jakob Balde, Die Truckene Trunkenheit [Drunk without Drinking] (Nürnberg: Michael Endter Pub, 1658) from Satyra Contra Abusum Tabaci (Monaco, I. Wagneri Pub, 1657). Yes, 1657. |
"any person within the state" from action that "manufactures, sells or gives to anyone, any cigarette containing any ingredient deleterious to health or foreign to tobacco . . . ."


Honorable Jennifer Granholm
Governor, State of Michigan
P. O. Box 30013
Lansing MI 48909-7513
Dear Governor Granholm:
"smokers have excesses of suicide: risks; thoughts; attempts; and deaths . . . Suicide [is] strongly . . . associated with smoking . . . independent of age, gender, exercise, cholesterol, race, low local income, diabetes, MI [myocardial infarction], etc. [variables]. Ex-smokers had lower suicide rates than current smokers. The pooled dose-response statistic [is] highly significant. . . . Suicide is prospectively, independently, consistently, strongly, and highly significantly dose-response associated with smoking." See Prof. Bruce Leistikow, M.D., et al., Analysis of Association Between Smoking and Suicide, 15 J Addictive Diseases 141 (1996).
Respectfully,
Honorable Michael Cox
Attorney General, State of Michigan
P. O. Box 30213
Lansing MI 48909
Dear Attorney General Cox:
"smokers have excesses of suicide: risks; thoughts; attempts; and deaths . . . Suicide [is] strongly . . . associated with smoking . . . independent of age, gender, exercise, cholesterol, race, low local income, diabetes, MI [myocardial infarction], etc. [variables]. Ex-smokers had lower suicide rates than current smokers. The pooled dose-response statistic [is] highly significant. . . . Suicide is prospectively, independently, consistently, strongly, and highly significantly dose-response associated with smoking." See Prof. Bruce Leistikow, M.D., et al., Analysis of Association Between Smoking and Suicide, 15 J Addictive Diseases 141 (1996).
Respectfully,
Col. Peter C. Munoz, Director
Department of State Police
714 South Harrison Road
East Lansing MI 48823
Dear Col. Munoz:
"smokers have excesses of suicide: risks; thoughts; attempts; and deaths . . . Suicide [is] strongly . . . associated with smoking . . . independent of age, gender, exercise, cholesterol, race, low local income, diabetes, MI [myocardial infarction], etc. [variables]. Ex-smokers had lower suicide rates than current smokers. The pooled dose-response statistic [is] highly significant. . . . Suicide is prospectively, independently, consistently, strongly, and highly significantly dose-response associated with smoking." See Prof. Bruce Leistikow, M.D., et al., Analysis of Association Between Smoking and Suicide, 15 J Addictive Diseases 141 (1996).
Respectfully,
| President George W. Bush | U.S. Senator _______ | U.S. Representative __ | Governor ___ | State Senator __ | State Representative __ |
| 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue | Senate Office Building | House Office Building | State Capitol | State Capitol | State Capitol |
| Washington DC 20500 | Washington DC 20510 | Washington DC 20515 | City State Zip | City State Zip | City State Zip |
Respectfully,
* * * * *
* * * * * Copyright © 1999 TCPG
"smokers have excesses of suicide: risks; thoughts; attempts; and deaths . . . Suicide [is] strongly . . . associated with smoking . . . independent of age, gender, exercise, cholesterol, race, low local income, diabetes, MI [myocardial infarction], etc. [variables]. Ex-smokers had lower suicide rates than current smokers. The pooled dose-response statistic [is] highly significant. . . . Suicide is prospectively, independently, consistently, strongly, and highly significantly dose-response associated with smoking." See Prof. Bruce Leistikow, M.D., et al., Analysis of Association Between Smoking and Suicide, 15 J Addictive Diseases 141 (1996).
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