Reopening Request to Judge Julian Abel Cook (Jan 2002)
Freedom of Expression 'First Amendment' Whistleblower Case
As Per the Federal Government Policy and Practice
to Retaliate (7-12% Rate) Against Employees for
Their Freedom of Expression, Whistleblowing,
Appeals, Grievances, and/or Testimony
Exposing Officials' Dissent and Insubordination
Against The Rule of Law
Retaliation is Contrary to the Law's Code of Ethics
To Code of Ethics,
To 18 USC § 241 Principles,
To Federal "Honest Services" Law, and
To Anti-Racketeering Law, Among Many
Violations Overview: pdf, html
Violations of TACOM's Own Discipline Regulation: pdf, html
Inconsistencies and Due Process Violations Warranting Reversal: pdf, html
Coworker Affidavit
When Whistleblower Reported Felonies Herein to
U.S. Attorney and FBI, They Took the Felons' Side:
Threatened Whistleblower If He Kept Reporting Such Crimes!
Part of the Government "Culture" of Terrorizing
Employees, Obstructing Us Doing Our Jobs
Thus Endangering Americans on a "Universal Malice" Basis
This Specific Case: Termination/Removal
Arises from Agency Reprisal Against
(a) Whistleblowing Authorized by
AR 385-10.3-5a. and b. and Inspector General;
(b) Grievances Authorized by FPM 771 and CPR 700.771
(c) Class Action Activity Aiding Coworkers
(d) Appeals Authorized by 29 CFR § 1613
The Termination/Removal Was
(1) Part of A Pattern of Gov't Felonies
(2) Part of A Pattern of Harassment
(3) Without Advance (or Subsequent)
Notice of Charges and Specificity
(4) Denial of Right to Reply
(Each Constituting Constitutional and
Statutory Due Process Violations)
(5) Denial of Notice of Appeal Rights
(6) Use of Non-Existent Qualification "Standard"
(A Statutory "Jurisdictional" Violation)
Wherefore Firing Was Void,
And Cannot Lawfully Be Ratified
Ed. Note: The agency says it merely put Pletten on involuntary enforced leave, but claimed that doing so outside the rule of law was somehow not an "adverse action."
Pletten appealed in the EEOC forum and was refused access by the agency. Subsequent jurisdiction-less appeal (jurisdiction-less under 29 CFR § 1613.403) to the MSPB resulted in this: "The MSPB [erroneously] ruled that it had no jurisdiction [not for the correct 29 CFR § 1613.403 regulatory reason but on the pretext] that it had no jurisdiction over enforced leave cases because enforced leave was not an adverse action (this is no longer good law; after Valentine v. Department of Transportation, 31 M.S.P.B. 358 (1986), enforced leave is now an adverse action)," says Capt Scott D. Cooper, "Handling Tobacco-Related Discrimination Cases in the Federal Government," 118 Milit Law Rev 143, p 35 of 39, n 206 (Fall 1987), pursuant to a long line of case law.
In reality, the local EEOC in 1980 observed that what the agency had done was a "decision to terminate." This had been done without adherence to any of the mandatory notice criteria of law.
EEOC under its eighth Chairman, Clarence Thomas, ordered TACOM [in, e.g., Dockets 01800273, 05820275, 03810087, 01910498, 01934758, & 03.81.0087, 83 FEOR 3046, etc.] to allow administrative review to Pletten, but TACOM defied said Orders.
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Table of Contents for This Whistleblower
Anti-Drug, Terrorism-Money-Trail Site
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Judge Cook, Julian, Jr.
Civil Action No. 85-72998
FILED '03 JAN 24 P 3:08
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
MOTION FOR APPOINTMENT OF ATTORNEY
Plaintiff Leroy J. Pletten moves that the Court appoint him an attorney, for below reasons:
1. The 22 October 2002 EEOC "right to sue" letter cites the subject (Exhibit 4, p 3).
2. In attacking a whistleblower, agencies (aided and abetted by the Department of Justice, an agency "against the best interests of the United States in terms of stopping drugs [Exhibit 3]," including by its firm policy and practice against prosecuting agency crimes against whistleblowers):
“go well beyond merely defeating a whistle blower . . . prove to others that no one is safe . . . make the most outrageous charges possible. . . . for purposes of teaching others a lesson, the more obvious the inconsistency [with work record (and law)] the better . . . .”—Thomas M. Devine and Donald G. Aplin, “Whistleblower Protection—Gap Between Law and Reality,” 31 Howard Law J (#2) 223, 226 (1988).
Ed. Note: See similar law review and other articles by, e.g.,
David W. Ewing, “Canning Directions: How the Government Rids Itself of Troublemakers," Harpers 16, 18, 22 (August 1979)
1. transfer to irrelevant assignment
2. abolish the whistleblower's job
3. refuse to provide pertinent records
4. file false charges
5. cause high legal bills
6. falsely accuse of insanity
7. cut their budget
8. transfer away their co-workers
9. close his office without warning
10. deprive of promotion
Martin H. Malin, "Protecting the Whistleblower from Retaliatory Discharge," 16 (#2) University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 277 (February 1983)
Stephen M. Kohn and Michael D. Kohn, “An Overview of Federal and State Whistleblower Protection," 4 Antioch Law Journal 99-152 (Summer 1986)
Thomas M. Devine & Donald G. Aplin, “Abuse of Authority: The Office of the Special Counsel and Whistleblower Protection," 4 Antioch Law Journal 5-71 (Summer 1986)
Cynthia L. Estlund, "Free Speech and Due Process in the Workplace," 71 (#1) Indiana Law Journal. 101 (Winter 1995)
Thomas M. Devine, “The Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989: Foundation for the Modern Law of Employment Dissent," 51 Administrative Law Review (#2) 531-577 (Spring 1999)
Alex B. Long, "Retaliatory Discharge and the Ethical Rules Governing Attorneys," 79 University of Colorado Law Review 1043 (2008)
Julia Davis, "Office of Special Counsel (OSC) - The Dark Legacy" (The Examiner, 23 July 2010)
See also De Maria, W. [1995], Whistleblower International Bibliography (Web), University of Queensland, 1993-(ongoing)
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3. Same is done by ex parte means and criminal acts, e.g., extortion, embezzlement, mail fraud, falsifications, obstruction of justice including even that level of due process given slaves and criminals! Here, this meant, as per my record of writing due process
5 USC § 7513.(b) advance notices to others; crime prevention; and having never used a sick day—non-notice, crimes, and only sick days!
3. Defense of a whistleblower is near impossible without an attorney, due to the documented pattern of agency universal malice / reprisal against whistleblowers.
4. Defendant's own Colonel John J. Benacquista confessed against interest (knowing he could
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freely admit extortion as per DOJ policy against prosecuting agency crimes against whistleblowers):
“The job was available. All he [Pletten] had to do was to say, 'I agree that this [the agency job-site] is reasonably free of contaminants.'" (Dep, p 62), Exhibit 1.
As not true, indeed the subject of my whistleblowing, I would not change my anticipated testimony! This was the "proximate cause" of my being ousted.
5. In other criminal cases, the prosecutor prosecutes the criminal, not the victim! However, as per the pattern of "universal malice" hatred of whistleblowers, we are the one exception group.
6. I am so far in debt, having borrowed to live during these many years, that any other person would have sought bankruptcy relief.
7. I need an attorney, and am unable to obtain one.
Ed. Note: "Congress did not intend that vindication of statutorily guaranteed rights would depend on the private party's economic resources or on the availability of free legal assistance." Gore v Turner, 563 F2d 159, 164 (1977). However, that is the reality faced by most if not all whistleblowers. |
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff moves that the Court exercise its discretion to appoint an attorney.
| Respectfully,
|
| | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
23 Jan 2003 | Leroy J. Pletten
| Plaintiff
| 8401 18 Mile Road #29
| Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
| (586) 739-8343 | | | | | | |
BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF MOTION
This case began in Defendant's violation of rules. When I blew the whistle, it was treated as a joke. Defendant policy was that it would not comply, never had, never would, indeed, would even deal with drug smuggling by ousting whistleblowers, see Jonathan Kwitny, The Crimes of Patriots: A True Tale of Dope, Dirty Money, and the CIA (New York: Norton, 1987), pp 51-52! (Exhibit 2). But when I won 25 Jan 1980, it reacted violently by plotting and acting to extort, embezzle, falsify
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commit mail fraud, etc. Col. Benacquista could brazenly confess to the extortion (Exhibit 1) as per the policy against prosecuting crimes against whistleblowers. Attempting to force anticipated testimony change is extortion, MCL § 750.213 [MSA § 28.410]; People v Atcher, 65 Mich App 734; 238 NW2d 389 (1975).
Ed. Note: See similar federal precedents under federal anti-extortion law, 18 USC § 1951, e.g., U.S. v Kibler, 667 F2d 452 (1982); and U.S. v Wilford, 710 F2d 439 (1983). |
'"The very plot is an act in itself.' Mulcahy v Queen, L R 3 HL 306, 317. But an act which, in itself, is merely a voluntary muscular contraction, derives all its character from the consequences which will follow it under the circumstances in which it was done. When the acts consist of making a combination calculated to cause temporal damage, the power to punish such acts, when done maliciously, cannot be denied because they are to be followed and worked out by conduct which might have been lawful if not preceded by the acts. No conduct has such an absolute privilege as to justify all possible schemes of which it may be a part. The most innocent and constitutionally protected of acts or omissions may be made a step in a criminal plot, and if it is a step in a plot, neither its innocence nor the Constitution is sufficient to prevent the punishment of the plot by law." Aiken v Wisconsin, 195 US 194, 205-206; 25 S Ct 3, 6; 49 L Ed 154, 159 (1904).
Devine and Aplin, "Whistleblower Protection—Gap Between Law and Reality," 31 Howard Law J (#2) 223-339 (1988), cite a pattern of universal malice hostility against whistleblowers.
"The proof of the pattern or practice [of reprisal against whistleblowers, including by violence] supports an inference that any particular decision [to commit anti-whistleblower action], during the period in which the policy was in force, was made in pursuit of that policy." Teamsters v U.S., 431 US 324, 362; 97 S Ct 1843, 1868; 52 L Ed 2d 396, 431 (1977).
"One cardinal principle must be borne in mind, that any element of illegality essential to a scheme or combination makes the whole illegal." Newton Co v Erickson, 70 Misc 291, 298; 126 NYS 949, 954 (6 Jan 1911).
"Violence . . . is not limited to physical contact or injury, but may include picketing conducted with misleading signs, false statements, publicity, and veiled threats by words and acts." Black's Law Dictionary, 6th ed (St. Paul: West, 1990), p 1570.
Courts do not "subscribe to the oft-repeated contention and argument that the use of the word 'violence' . . . is limited always to physical contact or injury. A blackjack applied to [one person's] skull may in the long run be less serious than . . . misleading signs, false statements and publicity . . . and insidious propaganda. The scalp wound may be healed through the surgeon's art." Esco Operating Corp v Kaplan, 144 Misc 646, 650; 258 NYS 303, 309 (1932).
Discharge, "the most serious sanction an employer can impose," requires "special care in
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handling" review, Tenorio v N.L.R.B., 680 F2d 598, 602 (CA 9, 1982).
"[T]he threat of being fired is equal to the threat of most minor and some not so minor criminal sanctions," Herzbrun v Milwaukee County, 338 F Supp 736, 738 (ED Wis, 1972). If I were a criminal, not a crime-victim whistleblower, I'd be provided a lawyer without hesitation.
Since the time of "the Supreme Court's holding in Powell v Alabama, 287 US 45; 53 S Ct 55; 77 L Ed. 158 (1932)," courts have "clearly recognized" "the right of a civil litigant . . . to be represented by retained counsel." Anderson v Sheppard, 856 F2d 741, 747 (CA 6, 1988). A "right" is meaningless unless enforced.
In other criminal cases, the prosecutor prosecutes the criminal, not the victim! i.e., serves as attorney in a meaningful sense. However, as per the pattern of "universal malice" / reprisal against whistleblowers, we [whistleblowers] are the one exception group. Instead of support from DOJ, we receive hostility.
And of course, says EEOC (Exhibit 4), standard civil rights law, 42 USC § 2000e et seq, and 29 USC §§ 791, 794(c) authorizes such appointment.
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff moves that the Court appoint an attorney for him.
| | Respectfully,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
23 Jan 2003 | | Leroy J. Pletten
| | Plaintiff
| | 8401 18 Mile Road #29
| | Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
| | (586) 739-8343 | | | | | | |
Exhibits:
1. Benacquista Deposition, page 62 (p 5 of Brief)
2. Jonathan Kwitny, The Crimes of Patriots: A True Tale of
Dope, Dirty Money, and the CIA (New York: Norton, 1987), pp 51-52 (pp 6-7 of Brief)
3. Memo to Anticipated Investigator (pp 8-9 of Brief)
4. EEOC "right to sue" letter (2002) (pp 10-12 of Brief)
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[Benacquista Deposition, Exhibit 1]
1 Q You said something to the effect that you
2 wouldn't direct a person to go back to work where he
3 thought there was a hazard, where that would be unsafe
4 for him.
Q 5 Can you repeat what you said in that nature?
6 A If we are going to get into that I would like to go back
7 and hear what the whole line of questioning was.
8 Q Well, I'm not sure we can do that.
9 Well, let's go back—no, let's not. It's
10 quite a ways back.
11 Q We were talking previously about why you
12 didn't just order him back to work. Why wouldn't you say,
13 "Look, we've done all this work and you should go back
14 to work"?
15 Q Why wouldn't you do that?
16 A His contention was that that was a hazard and that he
17 required a smoke-free environment.
18 A We had acknowledged and transmitted a
19 number of times that the environment in the building was
20 considered reasonably free of contaminants, you know.
21 Why would I want to go around and tell
22 somebody, "You have got to go back in there"? That is
23 a personal judgment on his own part. The job was available.
24 All he had to do was to say, "I agree that this is
25 reasonably free of contaminants."
Ed. Note:
Benacquista's conduct violating the rule of law (see details of his deposition), deprives the employer, the U.S. government, the taxpayers, of "honest services," both his and the victim's.
By law, 18 USC §§ 1341, 1343, and 1346, mail fraud defrauding employer of "honest services" is illegal. The term “‘honest services’ can include ‘honest and impartial government.’”—U.S. v Brumley, 116 F3d 728, 731 (CA 5, 1997) cert den 522 US 1028; 118 S Ct 625; 139 L Ed 2d 606 (1997).
“A [retaliator against whistleblowers] defendant may be prosecuted for deprivation of honest services [even] if he [the retaliator] has [not a single illegal intent but] a dual intent, i.e., if he is found to have intended both a lawful [as retaliators allege] and an unlawful purpose to some degree.”—U.S. v Woodward, 149 F3d 46, 71 (CA 1, 1998), cert den 525 US 1138; 119 S Ct 1026; 143 L Ed 2d 37 (1999).
The Dept of Justice prosecutes others (e.g., civil servants, as in U.S. v James J. Smith), for such crimes, but as per DOJ policy and practice, it does not prosecute when the crime occurs by supervisors against whistleblowers. |
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Exh 1
[Ed. Note: See Deposition Context]
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[Exhibit 2]
Jonathan Kwitny, The Crimes of Patriots:
A True Tale of Dope, Dirty Money, and the CIA
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1987)
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Golden Arm, made heroin addiction a stark nightmare to more millions. Soon, criminologists and police chiefs everywhere were blaming addicts, desperate for money to buy a fix, for the soaring national crime rate and the resultant spread of fear through American cities and suburbs.
Knowledge that Chiang and his KMT were constructing the world's preeminent heroin factory to support their cause would have flabbergasted almost everyone. So would the knowledge that the heads of the American Legion and the Freedoms Foundation—the very soul of American anticommunism—would help run a bank for the heroin trade (even if Generals Cocke and Black were, as they have said, unwitting of Nugan Hand's dope deals).
If such shocking news about the Kuomintang could be kept secret for twenty or thirty years, one has to wonder what might have gone on with Nugan Hand in the 1970s—or what might be going on now—that is similarly being kept secret. At any rate, the events described here all did happen. Officially, they happened only for the purpose of helping our "friends," the KMT, who never had a realistic chance of overthrowing Mao Tse-tung's new mainland government anyway.
If the petty harassment of Mao justified starting a new heroin trade, soon there was a much bigger stake. There was the Vietnam War. From 1954, with the arrival of General Edward G. Lansdale and his crack teams of CIA operatives, the United States slowly took over from France the conduct of a war against various Indochinese independence movements. The French, McCoy shows, had cooperated in the export of Golden Triangle heroin through Saigon in order to keep the cooperation of the corrupt local elite. Corsican gangsters even arrived from halfway around the world to smooth out logistics.
This intermingling of heroin traders and the government of South Vietnam only intensified under American administration, McCoy shows. He makes clear that Ngo Dinh Nhu, brother of the U.S.-selected and U.S.-installed President Ngo Dinh Diem, got rich trading dope, as did other U.S.-backed Vietnamese leaders.
The real expansion of opium production, however, was in the mountains, where the U.S. military mission had suddenly discovered some important potential allies. These were the Montagnard (or Hmong, or Meo) tribesmen, constantly lauded by U.S. Government spokesmen and the U.S. press during the Vietnam War as "heroic," "pro-Western" and "our allies." And it's true that the Montagnards fought harder and more loyally with U.S. forces than did other South Vietnamese.
-50--7-
But our brave new allies happened to live on prime poppy-growing land. As U.S. aid and advisors came, landing strips were built for the ClA's special short-take-off and -landing craft. The opium trade grew proporrionately. By McCoy's and many other, first-hand, accounts, opium was regularly flown out on flights of the ClA's Air America (formerly Civil Air Transport). The Montagnard villages flourished, as intended.
But a lot of opium wound up as heroin on the streets of the United States. Some was sold directly to American G.I.'s in Vietnam. Addiction plagued the U.S. forces, to the point of reducing their fighting capacity, and when the men came home their addiction came with them. Some of the Air America crews made a lot of money on this trade.
Wilfred P. Deac, senior public relations man for the Drug Enforcement Administration, offers this explanation today: "Their mission was to get people to fight against the Communists, not to stop the drug traffic."
Adds DEA Far East regional director John J. O'Neill, "The kind of people they were dealing with up there, the whole economy was opium. They were dealing with the KMT and the KMT was involved in heroin. I have no doubt that Air America was used to transport opium."
Joe Nellis, of the special Congressional investigation: "The CIA did help bring some very powerful cheap heroin into Vietnam out of the Shan States, the northern states of Burma . . . for radio communications, intelligence. In return for that intelligence, the CIA winked at what went in its airplanes."
A former military intelligence noncom tells of a 1960 operation in which an airstrip was hastily built on Borneo as a transfer point for goods going into and out of Vietnam. Curious about the cargos that were being dropped off by the first planes out of Vietnam, awaiting shipment back home, he says he pried open a crate that was labeled "munitions" but was suspiciously light of weight. It was filled, he says, with parcels wrapped in manilla paper. Opening one, he says, he found small plastic bags of a white powder that he has no doubt was heroin.
The U.S. Government not only promoted this drug traffic, it intervened to make sure the traffic wouldn't be discovered. A former officer who did criminal investigations for the Pentagon in the Vietnam theater, and who now works on the staff of the inspector general for a major federal agency, vividly remembers political interference with criminal justice. "Some of the times when you'd be running a criminal investigation, say narcotics, you'd find out that Inspector
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So-and-so of your national police is involved in this," the former officer says.
"You investigate it up to a point and then you can't go any further," he says. "It would go to our headquarters and then it would go to Washington and nothing would ever happen. The intelligence gleaned from these people was more important than stopping the drug traffic." At least that's what he was told.
For many, letting the drug traffic go was also more profitable than stopping it.
Another former officer from the army's Criminal Investigation Division recalls a mammoth heroin scheme he and his colleagues uncovered by accident. He says he and four others from his unit were investigating corruption in the sale of supplies to commissioned- and noncommissioned-officers' clubs. The corrupt U.S. and Vietnamese officers they caught tried to bargain away jail terms by describing the heroin traffic involving Vietnamese politicians and senior U.S. [military] officers. The reports checked out, the investigator says.
The investigator, now a stockbroker, says that his investigation group filed reports to the Pentagon revealing that G.I. bodies being flown back to the United States were cut open, gutted, and filled with heroin. Witnesses were prepared to testify that the heroin-stuffed soldiers bore coded body numbers, allowing conspiring officers on the other end, at Norton Air Force Base in California, to remove the booty—up to fifty pounds of heroin per dead G.I.
The [U.S.] Army acted on these reports—not by coming down on the dope traffickers, but by disbanding the investigative team and sending them to combat duty, the former investigator says. Other reports corroborate the use of G.I. bodies to ship dope back to the United States via military channels.
This was the prevailing atmosphere when Michael Jon Hand arrived in Indochina.
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Exh 2
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[Exhibit 3]
Memorandum for Investigator Once Review Begins As Done For Others
A Former DEA Agent Calls The War on Drugs An Illusion
"The war on drugs was only an illusion. . . . drug dealers . . . had bigger and better connections in the American government than [anti-drug agents] did."—Michael Levine [Drug Enforcement Agency agent 1965-1989], The Big White Lie (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1993), page 124.
"I personally am convinced that the Justice Department is against the best interests of the United States in terms of stopping drugs."—Representative Larry Smith, Chairman, House Task Force on International Narcotics Control, quoted in The Big White Lie, page 385.
"[O]ur system of justice had been perverted; [our CIA, etc.] had converted themselves into channels for the flow of drugs into the United States." "‘While American people were taxed . . . to stop drugs, their own government was complicit in flooding their country with them . . . the American people had been betrayed.'"—Senator John Kerry, Government Involvement in Drug Trafficking, Senate Iran-Contra Hearings, Ibid., page 3.
"The CIA . . . often courts criminals . . . The highly-connected tuxedo-clad criminal is left in place to provide intelligence to the [CIA]—and drugs to . . . citizens." Ibid., page 125, citing James Mills, The Underground Empire: Where Crime and Governments Embrace (Garden City: Doubleday and Co, 1986) "For decades, the CIA, the Pentagon . . . have been supporting and protecting the world's biggest drug dealers." Ibid., page 463.
"[T]he CIA perverts the American justice system by protecting drug dealers . . . from prosecution; . . . even federal judges and prosecutors alleged to have violated narcotics laws were protected from investigation." Ibid., page 4. One drug criminal "was quietly released from jail [by the Justice Department] and the U.S. Attorney's office, Southern Judicial District of Miami, dropped all charges against him. [He] immediately returned to Bolivia, where he ran a full-page ad in Bolivia's largest newspapers with a photo of his unconditional release signed by the U.S. attorney. Overnight our war on drugs became a joke among South American drug traffickers." Ibid, page 36.
Agent Levine was assigned to DEA Headquarters under President Ronald Reagan. He found that "[H]alf of the job is makin' up fact sheets and briefing papers—you know, statistical bullshit, how we're winnin' the war [on drugs]—so one of these clowns [high officials] can go on TV or testify before Congress." "Where do you get the statistics?" "Outta yer head, where else? And the rest of the job is pretty much . . . what you make of it . . . anything you want; or don't do a fucking thing—no one cares. You ever heard of anyone being fired in DEA for doing nothing?" "Nope, I can't say's I have." Quoting a conversation with Tony Buono [name changed to protect him], an official at DEA Headquarters, 1405 E Street, Washington, D.C. Ibid., page 129.
Excuse the language, but it gives the flavor of pro-drug officials. Their pervasive attitude explains why prevention laws, anti-gateway drug laws, are not enforced. The purpose of not enforcing prevention laws is to promote post-gateway drug use, i.e., in legal terms, "what happened [post-gateway drug use] is what might have been expected . . . and is the natural and probable consequence . . . . Malice is presumed under such conditions." Nestlerode v United States, 74 US App DC 276, 279; 122 F2d 56, 59 (1941).
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Exh 3
My whistleblowing related to the starter drug banned by laws and regulations due to harm to self - others, cited in USDHEW NIDA Res Monog 17, Pub ADM 78-581, p vi (Dec 1977); Robinson v California, 370 US 660, 670 (1962) ("The first step toward addiction may be as innocent as a boy's puff on a cigarette in an alleyway"); Comm'r of Narcotics Harry J. Anslinger and U.S. Attorney Wm. F. Tompkins, The Traffic in Narcotics (NY: Funk & Wagnalls, 1953), p 196 ("all" drug addicts are smokers); essentially verified since by, e.g., R. DuPont, Teen Drug Use, 102 J Pediatrics 1003-1007 (June 1983); USAARL Report 86-13, Impaired Soldier Performance, Army Aeromedical Research Lab (Fort Rucker, AL) (June 1986); R. Fleming, et al., Initiation & Progression Of Early Substance Use, 14 Addictive Behaviors 261-272 (1989).
A. W. McCoy, Politics of Heroin (NY: Harper & Row, 1972) cites government role in drugs back to WWII. J. Kwitny, Crimes of Patriots: A True Tale of Dope, Dirty Money, and the CIA (NY: Norton, 1987) cites officials (Pentagon, pp 50-52), smuggling drugs into U.S., ousting agents exposing it. My whistleblowing ran up against pro-drug Pentagon and DOJ attitude (a "universal malice" trait, not caring who is killed, nor how, definition in Black's Law Dict, 5th ed (St. Paul: West, 1979, p 863).
R. Ehrenfeld, Narco-Terrorism (NY: Basic Books, 1990) and Evil Money (NY: Harper Collins, 1992) tracks money trail cycle from drug abusers through local to higher drug dealers, back in sequentially to initial growers and indigenous terrorist groups. Now the government's own data and website links drugs and terrorism.
Devine and Aplin, "Whistleblower Protection—Gap Between Law and Reality," 31 Howard Law J 223 (1988), cite pattern of universal malice hostility against whistleblowers, including using false charges. Same constitute mail fraud, falsification (RICO, 18 USC § 1961), etc. Army issued no notice of ex parte communications (Col Benacquista - Gen. Decker; OPM-Averhart; Averhart - CPO Hoover; Hoover - Gen Stallings, Hygienist Braun - AMC), violating 5 CFR § 752.404(f) (must state all reasons including ex parte contacts, Sullivan v Navy, 720 F2d 1266, 1273-4 (Fed, 1983). Army issued no "statement or citation of the written regulations . . . said to have been violated [&] detailed statement of the facts," Boilermakers v Hardeman, 401 US 233, 245 (1971); was only conclusory, Mulligan v Andrews, 93 US App DC 375, 377; 211 F2d 28, 30 (1954); allows only "general denials," Deak v Pace, 88 US App DC 50, 52; 185 F2d 997, 999 (1950); no "names . . . places . . . dates" of alleged acts, Money v Anderson, 93 US App DC 130, 134; 208 F2d 34, 38 (1953). Not "lengthy and detailed," Baughman v Green, 97 US App DC 150; 229 F2d 331 (1956); not any / "numerous examples of specific errors," Long v Air Force, 683 F2d 301 (CA 9, 1982); not "item by item," Mandel v Army, 509 F2d 1031, 1032 (CA 6) cert den 422 US 1008 (1975). Pletten continues seeking specifics, attempting to reply.
Army refuses EEOC review via 29 CFR § 1613; verified by EEOC 23 Jan 1982, etc., etc.
Extortioners refuse "to process grievances." United States v Russo, 708 F2d 209, 212 (CA 6, 1983). |
5 USC § 552.(a)(l)(C) - (D) makes publication of a rule/qualification "jurisdictional": Bowen v City of N Y, 476 US 467 (1986); Hotch v U.S., 212 F2d 280, 281 (CA 9, 1954); WGCT & S. Corp v Army, 480
F2d 498, 503 (CA 4, 1973) (Army has pattern, did this before); Onweiler v U.S., 432 F Supp 1226, 1229 (D Id, 1977). I repeatedly return to duty per Bevan v N Y St T R System, 74 Misc 2d 443; 345 NYS 2d 921 (1973) (employee also falsely accused of not meeting non-existent qualification requirement!) Army had provided me a qualifications waiver—then ousted me re 'qualifications'!
Christopher Slobogin, "Testilying: Police Perjury and What To Do About It," 67 U Col L Rev 1037 (Fall 1996) cites references on pattern of recurring gov't experience using perjury to win cases.
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Exh 3 |
[Exhibit 4]
U.S. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION
Office of Federal Operations
P.O. Box 19848
Washington, D.C. 20036
Leroy J. Pletten,
Complainant,
v.
Thomas E. White,
Secretary,
Department of the Army,
Agency.
Appeal No. 01A22322
Agency No. BEAEFO0108B0150
DECISION
Complainant [Pletten] filed a timely appeal with this Commission from the final agency decision dated January 25, 2002, dismissing his complaint of unlawful employment discrimination in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e. The Commission accepts the appeal in accordance with 29 C.F.R. § 1614.405.
By letter dated April 26, 2001, complainant contacted the EEO office and alleged that he had been discriminated against in reprisal for prior EEO activity when a letter was sent from the agency to a United States Senator containing incorrect information regarding complainant's removal from federal service in January 1982.
The agency issued a final decision dismissing complainant's complaint on January 25, 2002. The agency found that complainant was not aggrieved by this letter and dismissed the complaint for failure to state a claim.
The regulation set forth at 29 C.F.R. § 1614.107(a)(l) provides, in relevant part, that an agency shall dismiss a complaint that fails to state a claim. An agency shall accept a complaint from any aggrieved employee or applicant for employment who believes that he or she has been discriminated against by that agency because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age or disabling condition. 29 C.F.R. §§ 1614.103, 106(a). The Commission's federal sector case precedent has long defined an "aggrieved employee" as one who suffers a present harm or loss with respect to a term, condition, or privilege of employment for which there is a remedy. Diaz v. Department of the Air Force, EEOC Request No. 05931049 (April 21, 1994).
Complainant alleges that he was subjected to reprisal when the agency sent a letter containing incorrect information about his case to his Senator. However, complainant has not alleged that he suffered any injury in fact as a result of the letter; he has not demonstrated, for example, that
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2
01A22322
the letter was relied on in any way by the agency or the Senator's office, or that any action was taken based on the letter. Furthermore, complainant has not shown that the incident he describes was so severe as to constitute harassment. We find that complainant is not aggrieved.
Ed. Note: The decision misses the point. The agency had confessed to not having notified Pletten of his rights, e.g., his right to review. Agency failure to provide notice of rights violates 29 CFR § 1613.403. Merely confessing a violation to a Senator does not solve the problem. The agency must take action to correct the error. Pletten was not complaining of some "action taken based on the letter," but rather that NO corrective action was taken. |
The agency's decision to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim was and is hereby AFFIRMED.
STATEMENT 0F RIGHTS - ON APPEAL
RECONSIDERATION (M0701)
The Commission may, in its discretion, reconsider the decision in this case if the complainant or the agency submits a written request containing arguments or evidence which tend to establish that:
1. The appellate decision involved a clearly erroneous interpretation of material fact or law; or
2. The appellate decision will have a substantial impact on the policies, practices, or operations of the agency.
Requests to reconsider, with supporting statement or brief, must be filed with the Office of Federal Operations (OFO) within thirty (30) calendar days of receipt of this decision or within twenty (20) calendar days of receipt of another party's timely request for reconsideration. See 29 C.F.R. § 1614.405; Equal Employment Opportunity Management Directive for 29 C.F.R. Part 1614 (EEO MD-110), 9-18 (November 9, 1999). All requests and arguments must be submitted to the Director, Office of Federal Operations, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, P.O. Box 19848, Washington, D.C. 20036. In the absence of a legible postmark, the request to reconsider shall be deemed timely filed if it is received by mail within five days of the expiration of the applicable filing period. See 29 C.F.R. § 1614.604. The request or opposition must also include proof of service on the other party.
Failure to file within the time period will result in dismissal of your request for reconsideration as untimely, unless extenuating circumstances prevented the timely filing of the request. Any supporting documentation must be submitted with your request for reconsideration. The Commission will consider requests for reconsideration filed after the deadline only in very limited circumstances. See 29 C.F.R. § 1614.604(c).
COMPLAINANT'S RIGHT TO FILE A CIVIL ACTION (S0900)
You have the right to file a civil action in an appropriate United States District Court within ninety (90) calendar days from the date that you receive this decision. If you file a civil action,
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3
01A22322
you must name as the defendant in the complaint the person who is the official agency head or department head, identifying that person by his or her full name and official title. Failure to do so may result in the dismissal of your case in court. "Agency" or "department" means the national organisation, and not the local office, facility or department in which you work. If you file a request to reconsider and also file a civil action, filing a civil action will terminate the administrative processing of your complaint.
(RIGHT TO REQUEST COUNSEL (Z1199)
If you decide to file a civil action, and if you do not have or cannot afford the services of an attorney, you may request that the Court appoint an attomey to represent you and that the Court permit you to file the action without payment of fees, costs, or other security. See Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.; the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, 29 U.S.C. §§ 791, 794(c). The grant or denial of the request is within the sole discretion of the Court. Filing a request for an attorney does not extend your time in which to file a civil action. Both the request and the civil action must be filed within the time limits as stated in the paragraph above ("Right to File A Civil Action").
FOR THE COMMISSION:
/s/Carlton M. Hadden
Carlton M. Hadden, Director
Office of Federal Operations
OCT 22 2002
Date
CERTIFICATE OF MAILING
For timeliness purposes, the Commission will presume that this decision was received within five (5) calendar days after it was mailed. I certify that this decision was mailed to complainant, complainant's representative (if applicable), and the agency on:
OCT 22 2002
Date
R. Byrd
Equal Opportunity Assistant
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Exh 4
[In Fact Postmarked 23 Oct 2002]
See the prior appeal leading to decision;
the reconsideration request following decision.
|
|
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Judge Cook, Julian, Jr.
Civil Action No. 85-72998
FILED '03 JAN 24 P 3:08
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
MOTION TO SHOW CAUSE WHY CASE SHOULD NOT BE REOPENED
AND PLAINTIFF IMMEDIATELY DEEMED IN EMPLOYEE STATUS
Plaintiff Leroy J. Pletten moves that Defendant be ordered to show cause why the case should
not be reopened and him immediately deemed as in employee status. Please order Defendant to
1. Identify how "the parties" "advised the Court" the "issues have been settled," Pletten's state
of knowledge of said "advise" at the time; provide copy of same (and "advise"); if none, so state.
2. Identify the specific disciplinary or other charge(s) against Pletten; and the notice(s) in which
Pletten was notified of this / them.
3. Identify whether said notice (s) was/were before or after he was put off-post.
4. Identify the job qualification requirements for the job; and whether Pletten was notified of
same, when, by whom, by what method; and whether these were the same for all on said job.
5. Admit or deny the "jurisdictional" aspect/meaning(s) of 4. above; explain any denial.
6. Identify the performance requirements for the job; and whether Pletten was notified of same,
when, by whom, by what method, and what his rating(s) was/were in terms of same; provide copies.
7. Identify any alleged Pletten misconduct or failure to meet performance requirements or other
removal warranting activity, citing the "Table of Penalties" or other authority for same
8. Identify all the rights to review of "adverse actions" that federal employees have.
9. Identify whether Pletten was notified of same, when, by whom, by what method; with copy.
10. Identify what TACOM did to provide Pletten specifics so as to enable him to reply. Identify
names, dates, and provide correspondence.
11. Identify the action TACOM took to process Pletten's requests for review AT THE TIME.
State the time limits for such action, and whether TACOM met them; if not, state why not.
12. Re whether Pletten's requests for EEOC review of the forced sick leave, LWOP, removal
(and any other terms Defendant used) were processed on merits, identify the name of the counselor(s),
investigator(s), hearing officer(s), and provide a copy of each's record (report, transcript etc.)
13. If Defendant alleges any LWOP, identify the pertinent regulation, including any proviso that
same can only be effected at employee request; and identify whether Pletten made such a request,
when, how, in what form, and provide a copy.
14. With respect to the 25 Jan 1980 USACARA Report, identify any and all implementation
actions; provide a copy, and state whether Pletten was notified, including when, how, and by whom.
15. Identify any and all ex parte communications by agency personnel concerning the Pletten
situation, whether or not cited in any alleged 30 days advance notice.
16. Identify any and all case law to the effect that, absent 30 days advance notice, the employee
has been put out contrary to law, thus remain an employee on the rolls.
17. Identify whether, if said case law were applied, any/all the action(s) taken by Defendant
would not be forthwith overturned, and Pletten's status instanter deemed remaining "on the rolls."
WHEREFORE, due to the legal significance of the foregoing, please issue a "show cause."
| | Respectfully,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
| | Leroy J. Pletten
| | Plaintiff
| | 8401 18 Mile Road #29
| | Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
| | (586) 739-8343 | | | | | | |
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Judge Cook, Julian, Jr.
Civil Action No. 85-72998
FILED '03 JAN 24 P 3:08
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
MOTION TO REOPEN
Plaintiff Leroy J. Pletten moves to reopen this case on the basis that it was dismissed by fraud
upon the court, details as follows:
1. I am a federal whistleblower (in alcoholism, abortion, drug prevention, etc. context).
Whistleblowers are subject to a known pattern of abuse including criminal acts by agencies, including
fraud. This means Department of Justice consent, advise, aiding and abetting. This case is part of that
pattern. Americans die as a result of the pattern of "universal malice" directed against whistleblowers.
2. I am an employee of the Defendant. It will allege (by attorney pleadings, not first-hand under
oath evidence) that I am not, but cannot show that it provided the due process notice identifying the
charge(s) and specifics mandated by 5 USC § 7513.(b). Case law shows that in such situations, the
employee status remains "on the rolls." If/when review begins as done for others, unless court orders
said status faster, an administrative investigator under 29 CFR § 1614 will apply the said law and case
law, and so return me to duty (RTD) instanter. I keep requesting RTD (example at Exhibit 2).
3. Defendant has not let me reply, nor notified me of review rights, nor allowed administrative
review such as all other federal employees are routinely provided as a matter of course, despite my
decades of repeatedly requesting same.
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4. This case was dismissed 30 Jan 1986 (Challenger-astronaut-death-day due to whistleblower
fear of reprisal if too aggressive for safety). Dismissal was on the fraudulent basis of "the parties" (no
names cited) allegedly having "advised the Court" the "issues have been settled. . . ."
5. As a party (Plaintiff), I did no such thing, was unaware of said allegations, disagree entirely,
and have continuously both before and after, been seeking the notice and review that all other federal
employees routinely receive as a matter of course. My review-seeking filings are voluminous.
6. In August 1986, my then attorney sent me a letter on the basis of the case being open and
not settled (Exhibit 1), and thereafter continued to identify the case as open.
7. I have never considered the issues "settled," issues of my being terminated, suspended, put
on forced LWOP contrary to the agency regulation 600-5.14-28 and 29, terminated, removed, etc.
Agency terms vary as it issued no 30 days advance notice despite 5 USC § 7513.(b) mandating due
process notice of charges and specificity.
9. I have continually been seeking review to begin as done for others, e.g., to be allowed to "reply" as provided for by 5 USC § 7513.(b), as recently as days ago in Dec 2002 (Exhibit 2); and to
have processing begin on my EEO requests for review to commence administratively, pursuant to
EEOC regulations, then 29 CFR § 1613, now 29 CFR § 1614.
10. The fraudulent dismissal was another act in Defendant's pattern of fraud and reprisal.
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff moves to reopen the case so fraudulently, wrongfully dismissed.
| | Respectfully,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
23 Jan 2003 | | Leroy J. Pletten
| | Plaintiff
| | 8401 18 Mile Road #29
| | Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
| | (586) 739-8343 | | | | | | |
Exhibits
1. Attorney Letter, 1986 (p 3, as attached)
2. Return to Duty (RTD) Request, 2002 (p 4, as attached)
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[Exh 1]
LAW OFFICES OF
COHEN & ELIAS, P.C.
6735 Telegraph Road
Suite 250
BIRMINGHAM, MICHIGAN 48010-2123
(313) 258-9400
STEVEN Z. COHEN | | LAWRENCE A. TOWER
FRANK J. ELIAS | | OF COUNSEL | |
August 19, 1986
Mr. Leroy Pletten
8401 18 Mile Road. Apt. 29
Sterling Heights, Michigan 48078
Dear Mr. Pletten:
This will acknowledge my receipt of your check in the anount of $10,000.00. This sum is being forwarded to our law firm as a partial distribution of retainer and attorney fees for our continuing representation of your claim. The $10,000.00 will be applied to costs tnat we have forwarded on your behalf over the last several years. Eventually, at the close of litigation, we anticipate recovering these sums by means of attorney fee awards. The sums forwerded by you as retainers will be offset as against any fees and will be fully accounted to you.
We have asked for the $10,000.00 at this time so as to facilitate the completion of litigation. Inasnuch as you received sum $35,000.00 plus from the Office of Personnel Management, you were in a position, for the first time in our relationship, to forward a retainer for costs. Your willingness to forward this additional retainer is appreciated. A full accounting of all of our fee requests and expenditures will be forwarded to you prior to the completion of litigation so that you can be assured that you have recovered your full entitlement to funds from the defendants.
| | Very truly yours,
| |
| | | COHEN & ELIAS, P.C.
| | /s/Steven Z. Cohen
| | Steven Z. Cohen | | | |
SZC/mjs/3188a
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Exh 1
|
|
[Exh 2]
DISPOSITION FORM
REFERENCE OR OFFICE SYMBOL| SUBJECT
| Return to Duty / New Evidence for Reply
| Effort - Jury Duty, Macomb County
TO CG, Attn: Kathleen E. Bell, FROM Leroy J. Pletten 30 Dec 2002
Dir, Hum Res (AMSTA-H) CPO (AMSTA-H)
1. I am an employee of TACOM. Please consider this a return to duty. I remain ready, willing, able, and eager to work, as always, and look forward to immediate RTD.
2. Please include in the case file of my efforts to reply to the claim of my not being an employee, my notice of, Encl 1, and successful performance of, Jury Duty at Macomb County Circuit Court, encl 4.
3. TACOM, in retaliation against my successful case/whistleblowing, opposes my right to reply, and has never told me the charges nor specifics. These failures violate 5 USC § 7513.(b); they are for purpose of obstructing reply, as one cannot reply to charges until notified what they are. The case law on ousting an employee without charges and specifics shows that no employee has ever lost such a case. I expect, as always, to RTD immediately, and continue performing duties until same.
4. Significance of Encls 1 and 4 is that this is the Macomb Circuit Court of which TACOM is so afraid, that it feared to appeal there when (overruling TACOM's claim of my inability to do my duties, e.g., write 1½ page memos and the verbal contact process for same), the State of Michigan granted me unemployment compensation in the era when TACOM was still pretending that it had not removed me! See summary of circumstances of ouster, encl. 2. Macomb County Circuit Court would not be amenable to such untruths, and would issue a decision affirming my work ability, which decision would be res judicata in my favor. Please deem the TACOM failure to appeal to Macomb County Circuit Court, an estoppel in my favor.
5. The second significance includes the fact that a person cannot be a Michigan Court juror if suffering from a medical condition preventing duty performance. I have no such medical condition, never have.
6. As per my pattern of performance above and beyond, I prepared for voir dire, encl 3, and studied the full range of the historic jury function, and juror rights, via professionally-prepared writings on point, including but not limited to Dictionaries such as Black's Law and Oxford's English; Leonard W. Levy, The Palladium of Justice: Origins of Trial by Jury (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1999); and Jacqueline D. Stanley, Jurors' Rights: Everything You Need to Know Before You Go to Jury Duty, 2d ed. (Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, 1998). Refuting TACOM's inability claim, my jury duty service was of acceptable level, encl 4.
7. I look forward to returning to duty immediately, and to many continued years of duty. In view of the War on Terrorism, the country needs people knowledgeable (as I am), of the underlying process in the drug abuse money trail long reported involved in financing terrorists.
/s/Leroy J. Pletten
Leroy J. Pletten
TACOM Employee - CPO
Enclosures:
1. Jury Duty Notice
2. Details on Circumstances of Ouster
3. Voir Dire Material Prepared in Support of My Ability
4. Juror Acceptable Performance Notice
|
DA FORM 2496 |
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Exh 2 |
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Judge Cook, Julian, Jr.
Civil Action No. 85-72998
FILED '03 JAN 24 P 3:08
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF MOTION TO REOPEN
23 Jan 2003 | | Leroy J. Pletten
| | Plaintiff
| | 8401 18 Mile Road #29
| | Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
| | (586) 739-8343 | | | | |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents | | i
| |
| Table of Controlling Authorities | | ii
| |
| 1. Statement of Facts | | 1
| |
| 2. Argument | |
| | |
| A. The Fraud Warrants Reopening | | 2
| |
| B. Employees Ousted Without Due Process Remain On the Rolls | | 3
| |
| C. The Jurisdictional Issue of 5 USC § 552 Enables Reopening | | 6
| |
| D. The Agency Denied Me "Informed Choice" To Even Commence Review | | 8
| |
| E. The New EEOC "Right-to-Sue" Letter Enables Reopening | | 9
| |
| F. Irreparable Injury Is Presumed in Law Violation | | 9
| |
| 3. Conclusion | | 9 | | | | | | | | | |
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TABLE OF CONTROLLING AUTHORITIES
Supreme Court Case Law | |
| | |
| Aiken v Wisconsin, 195 US 194; 25 S Ct 3; 49 L Ed 154 (1904) | | 9
| |
| Albemarle Paper Co v Moody, 422 US 405, 432 n 30; 95 S Ct 2362; 45 L Ed 280 (1975) | | 6
| |
| Boilermakers v Hardeman, 401 US 233; 91 S Ct 609; 28 L Ed 2d 10, 21 (1971) | | 3
| |
| Bowen v City of New York, 476 US 467 (1986) | | 7
| |
| Celotex Corp v Catrett, 477 US 317, 323; 106 S Ct 2548; 91 L Ed 2d 265 (1986) | | 6
| |
| Cleveland Bd. of Ed. v Loudermill, 470 US 532; 105 S.Ct. 1467, 64 L.Ed.2d 494 (1985) | | 4
| |
| Glus v Eastern District Terminal, 359 US 231; 79 S Ct 760; 3 L Ed 2d 770, 772 (1959) | | 9
| |
| Hazel-Atlas Glass Co v Hartford-Empire Co, 322 US 238; 64 S Ct 991, 88 L Ed 1250 (1944) | | 2
| |
| SEC v Chenery, 332 US 194; 67 S Ct 1575; 91 L Ed 1995 (1947) | | 2
| |
| Service v Dulles, 354 US 363; 77 S Ct 1152; 1 L Ed 2d 1403 (1957) | | 9
| |
| Teamsters v U.S., 431 US 324, 362; 97 S Ct 1843, 1868; 52 L Ed 2d 396, 431 (1977) | | 9
| |
| Federal Laws | |
| | |
| 5 USC § 552 | | 6, 7
| |
| [5 USC § 2302 | | 6]
| |
| 5 USC § 7513 | | 1-5
| |
| | |
| Michigan Law | |
| | |
| MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216 | | 7
| |
| [MCL § 750.213 | | 5]
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-ii-
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Judge Cook, Julian, Jr.
Civil Action No. 85-72998
FILED '03 JAN 24 P 3:08
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF MOTION TO REOPEN
STATEMENT OF FACTS
Plaintiff Leroy J. Pletten moves to reopen this case on the basis that it was dismissed by fraud upon the court. He is a whistleblower (in context of prevention of alcoholism, drugs, abortions, etc), citing noncompliance with existing rules that, if enforced, would aid in prevention. Whistleblowers are known to be subjected to reprisal, fraud, and abuse by agencies, including crimes. Via its policy of not prosecuting crimes against whistleblowers, the Department of Justice consents, aids and abets. This case is part of the anti-whistleblower pattern. Americans die as "natural and probable consequences" of the "universal malice" directed against whistleblowers.
Pletten is an employee of Defendant. It will allege that he is not. However, it has not provided the due process notice, citing charge(s) and specifics as required by 5 USC § 7513.(b). Case law shows the employee remains on the rolls. When review begins as for others, the 29 CFR § 1614 administrative investigator will apply said case law, thus enabling return to duty (RTD) instanter.
Defendant did not provide requested specifics, thus did not let Pletten reply, did not notify him of review rights, nor allow administrative review access such as all other federal employees are routinely provided as a matter of course, despite Pletten's decades of requesting same.
This case was dismissed 30 Jan 1986 (Challenger-astronaut-death-day due to whistleblower fear
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of reprisal if too aggressive for safety). Dismissal was on the fraudulent basis of "the parties" (no specific names cited) allegedly having "advised the Court" the "issues have been settled. . . ."
As a party, Pletten did no such thing, was unaware of said allegation, disagrees entirely, and has repeatedly both before and after, been seeking the advance notice and specifics needed to reply, and the review process, each of which any non-whistleblower employee would routinely receive as a matter of course.
Pletten never considered the issues "settled," issues of being terminated, suspended, put on forced LWOP contrary to the agency regulation 600-5.14-28 and 29, terminated, removed. Agency terms vary as it issued no 5 USC § 7513.(b) 30 days advance notice of charges and specifics. He has repeatedly been seeking to be allowed to reply as 5 USC § 7513.(b) provides, to RTD as recently as a few days ago (December 2002); and to have processing begin on his EEO requests for review to commence, pursuant to the then EEO
regulation 29 CFR § 1613, now 29 CFR § 1614.
ARGUMENT
A. THE FRAUD WARRANTS REOPENING
This court case was dismissed 30 Jan 1986 due to "the parties" allegedly having "advised the Court" the "issues have been settled. . . ." Courts speak through their orders, here based on agency input. No other basis than stated is judicially acceptable, SEC v Chenery, 332 US 194; 67 S Ct 1575; 91 L Ed 1995 (1947) ("judge the propriety of action solely by the grounds invoked"; not by "counsel's post hoc rationalizations"; but only by what is "given"). And what is stated is error.
Case law rejects fraud on courts. Hazel-Atlas Glass Co v Hartford-Empire Co, 322 US 238; 64 S Ct 991, 88 L Ed 1250 (1944); In re Intermagnetics America, Inc, 926 F2d 912, 917 (CA 9, 1991). When officers of the court know of a significant violation, e.g., fraud, they "shall inform" proper authority. M. R. P. C. 8.3(a). Here, "members of the bar have knowingly participated in the
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fraud,” Hazel-Atlas Glass Co, supra, 322 US 252, nor reported it despite their M.R.P.C. 8.3(a) duty.
Such fraud "does . . . defile the court itself . . . perpetrated by officers of the court so that the judicial machinery can not perform in the usual manner its impartial task of adjudging cases that are presented for adjudication.” Intermagnetics, supra, 926 F2d 912, 917.
Such "tampering with the administration of justice in the manner indisputably shown here involves far more than an injury to a single litigant. It is a wrong against the institutions set up to protect and safeguard the public." Hazel-Atlas Glass Co, 322 US 246.
The fraud perpetrators are in essence tortfeasors. Pletten is the victim.
B. EMPLOYEES OUSTED WITHOUT DUE PROCESS REMAIN ON THE ROLLS.
Due process includes the right to notice, and to reply, prior to decision. Even slaves had a right to proper notice of charges! Josephine, a slave v State of Mississippi, 39 Miss (10 Geo) 613, 647 (1860-1): The right to a properly drafted statement of charges is "a substantial right . . . and not a mere question of form or proceeding." Even whistleblowers, low as agencies [deem] them, actually have due process rights!
Defendant did not issue a "statement or citation of the written regulations . . . said to have been violated [and] a detailed statement of the facts," Boilermakers v Hardeman, 401 US 233, 245; 91 S Ct 609, 617; 28 L Ed 2d 10, 21 (1971).
To protect the public by preventing agencies from doing unjust, discriminatory, unreasoned terminations of employees, Congress requires agencies to state in writing their basis for even proposing to oust an employee 30 days in advance. 5 USC § 7513.(b). A notice must:
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(a) comply with 5 CFR 752.404(f) by stating all reasons including ex parte contacts. Sullivan v Navy, 720 F2d 1266, 1273-4 (CA Fed, 1983);
(b) say more than conclusion, Mulligan v Andrews, 93 US App DC 375, 377; 211 F2d 28, 30 (1954);
(c) enable more than "general denials," Deak v Pace, 88 US App DC 50, 52; 185 F2d 997, 999 (1950);
(d) list witnesses and say "the names . . . places . . . dates" of alleged acts, Money v Anderson, 93 US App DC 130, 134; 208 F2d 34, 38 (1953). Examples include being:
(i) "lengthy and detailed," Baughman v Green, 97 US App DC 150; 229 F2d 331 (1956);
(ii) "numerous examples of specific errors," Long v Air Force, 683 F2d 301 (CA 9, 1982);
Ed. Note: Pursuant to Smith v Dept of Interior, 9 MSPR 342, 344 (1981), the accusing agency must provide "specific examples" of "alleged performance deficiencies" "to meet the 'specificity' test" as "[a] notice of proposed adverse action is required to be specific enough so that the employee is presented with sufficient information to enable him or her to make an 'informed reply.' S. Rep. No. 95-969, 95th Cong., 2d Sess. 50 (1978), U.S. Code Cong. & Admin. News 1978, p 2723, Report of the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs." |
(iii) "item by item," Mandel v Nouse, 509 F2d 1031, 1032 (CA 6) cert den 422 US 1008; 95 S Ct 2630; 45 L Ed 2d 671 (1975). Defendant here did none of this.
There is no excuse, see long line of case law, e.g., Hart v U.S., 148 Ct Cl 10, 16-17; 284 F2d 682, 686-687 (1960); Smith v Dept of Interior, 9 MSPR 342 (1981); Heikken v D.O.T., 18 MSPR 439 (1983); Van Skiver v Postal Service, 25 MSPR 66 (1984); Woodall v FERC, 28 MSPR 192 (1985); Miyai v D.O.T., 32 MSPR 15, 20 (1986); Cleveland Bd. of Ed. v Loudermill, 470 US 532; 105 S.Ct. 1467, 64 L.Ed.2d 494 (1985); Thomas v. General Svcs Admin., 756 F2d 86, 89-90 (CA Fed, (CA Fed, 1985); Mercer v Dept. of Health & Human Svcs, 772 F2d 856 (CA Fed, 1985); Pittman v Army and MSPB, 832 F2d 598 (CA Fed, 1987); Childers v Air Force, 36 MSPR 486 (1988); Bivens v Dept of Navy, 38 MSPR 67 (1988); and Brown v Dept of Navy, 49 MSPR 277 (1991).
Ed. Note: See similar Comptroller decisions, e.g., 38 Comp Gen 203; 39 Comp Gen 154; and 41 Comp Gen 774, cited in FPM Supp 752-1, S1-6c(4)(c) - (d) (4 Feb 1972). |
The bottom line is, nobody ousted without 5 USC § 7513.(b) notice has failed to prevail! The reason for exception here—the "universal malice" against of whistleblowers. No reasons except as stated are judicially recognizable, 5 CFR § 752.404(f); Shelton v EEOC, 357 F Supp 3, 8 (D Wash,
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1973) aff'd 416 US 976 (1974); SEC v Chenery, 332 US 194; 67 S Ct 1575; 91 L Ed 1995 (1947).
If Defendant belatedly alleges it had a basis for removing me based on requested and "approved leave," that is an invalid reason, Bond v Vance, 117 US App DC 203, 204; 327 F2d 901, 902 (1964); Washington v Dept of Army, 813 F2d 390, 394 (CA Fed 1987). (I didn't request!)
Defendant's own Colonel John J. Benacquista, the Chief of Staff on site, confessed against interest (knowing he could freely admit extortion as per DOJ policy against prosecuting agency crimes against whistleblowers):
Attempting to force anticipated testimony change is extortion, MCL § 750.213; People v Atcher, 65 Mich App 734; 238 NW2d 389 (1975).
Although the agency issues 30 days advance written notices pursuant to 5 USC § 7513.(b) to all others, it did not do so for me. This difference shows discrimination, e.g., reprisal, extortion. The agency never claims under oath it issued advance notice; and knows under cross-examination, nobody will testify it did. I have asked for specifics repeatedly, never received any.
The agency did not adhere to any unjust discharge criteria, whether the private enterpise seven point criteria of Grief Bros Coop Corp, 42 Lab Arb (BNA) 555 (1964), Combustion Engineering, Inc, 42 Lab Arb (BNA) 806 (1964); the twelve point civil service criteria of Douglas v Veterans Admin, 5 MSPR 280, 305-306 (1981); or the five-point criteria of Yorkshire v MSPB, 746 F2d 1454, 1456 (CA Fed, 1984).
Ed. Note: Nature of These Criteria:
From 42 Lab Arb 555 and 806
(1) Forewarning employee of possible consequences of conduct.
(2) The allegedly violated rule or order must be reasonably related to orderly, efficient, and safe operations.
(3) Before administering discipline, employer is to investigate whether employee did, in fact, violate or disobey the rule or order.
(4) Employer investigation must be conducted fairly and objectively.
(5) In investigation, employer must obtain sufficient evidence or proof that employee was guilty as charged.
(6) Employer must apply its rules, orders, and penaltles evenhandedly and without discrimmation.
(7) Degree of discipline must be reasonably related to seriousness of offense and employee's record?
"'No' answer to one or more normally signifies that just and proper cause did not exist."
Ed. Note: From 5 MSPR 280, 305-306
(1) Nature and seriousness of the offense, and its relation to the employee's duties, position, and responsibilities, including whether the offense was intentional or technical or inadvertent, or was committed maliciousiy or for gain, or was frequently repeated.
(2) Employee's job level and type of employment, including supervisory or fiduciary role, contacts with the public, and prominence of the position.
(3) Employee's past disciplinary record.
(4) Employee's past work record, including length of service, performance on the job, ability to get along with fellow workers, and dependability.
(5) Effect of the offense upon the employee's ability to perform at a satisfactory level and its effect upon supervisors' confidence in the employee's ability to perform assigned duties.
(6) Consistency of the penalty with those imposed upon other employees for the same or similar offenses.
(7) Consistency of the penalty with any applicable agency table of penalties.
(8) Notoriety of the offense or its impact upon the reputation of the agency.
(9) Clarity with which the employee was on notice of any rules violated in committing the offense, or had been warned about the conduct in question.
(10) Potential for the employee's rehabilitation.
(11) Mitigating circumstances surrounding the offense such as unusual job tensions, personality problems, mental impairment, harassment, or bad faith, malice or provocation on the part of others involved in the matter.
(12) Adequacy and effectiveness of alternative sanctions to deter such conduct in the future by the employee or others.
References: 5 C.F.R. § 731.202(c); Federal Personnel Manual, ch. 751, subch. 1-2 Dec. 21, 1976); CSC Board of Appeals and Review, Memorandum No. 2; Francisco v Campbell, 625 F2d 266, 269-70 (CA 9, 1980); Howard v U.S., Civ. LV-77-219 RDF (D Nev, 3 July 1980) (Mem. Order at 9); Giles v U.S., 213 Ct Cl 602; 553 F2d 647, 650-51 602 (1977); Boyce v U.S., 211 Ct Cl 57; 543 F2d 1290, 1294 (1976); Tucker v U.S., 224 Ct Cl 266; 624 F2d 1029, 1034 (1980); Byrd v Campbell, 591 F2d 326, 331 (CA 5, 1979); Clark v U.S., 162 Ct Cl 477, 485 (1963).
Ed. Note: From 746 F2d 1454
(1) Where the agency engaged in a "prohibited personnel practice" (5 § 7701(g)(l)).
(2) Where the agency's action was "clearly without merit" (5 § 7701(g)(l)), or was "wholly unfounded," or the employee is "substantially innocent" of the charges brought by the agency.
(3) Where the agency initiated the action against the employee in "bad faith," including:
a. Where the agency's action was brought to "harass" the employee; b. Where the agency's action was brought to "exert improper pressure on the employee to act in certain ways."
4. Where the agency committed a "gross procedural error" which "prolonged the proceeding" or "severely prejudiced" the employee.
5. Where the agency "knew or should have known that it would not prevail on the merits" when it brought the proceeding. |
I remain an employee as a matter of law—the status of a federal employee against whom termination is effected without 30 days advance written notice. Sullivan, 720 F2d 1274, supra. I look forward to returning to duty. In interim, I do personnel and crime prevention-type functions.
Ed. Note: Similarly, spouses remain married until proper divorce papers occur. Siemering v Siemering, 95 Wis 2d 111, 115; 288 NW2d 881, 883 (Wis App, 1980).
The "condition precedent not having been met, the action was never commenced."
Until the "condition precedent" for change (re federal employees, proper notice) is met, the status quo ante (employment, marriage) remains in full force and effect.
Subsequent events do not create jurisdiction when lacking at filing, Star Scientific, Inc v R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co, 174 F Supp 2d 388, 392 (col 2) (D Md, 19 Nov 2001).
The "condition precedent" concept (that one event MUST precede another for validity of the subsequent event) is well-established in case law, and adhered to for everyone except whistleblower, e.g.,
Basinger v OPM, 5 MSPB 210 (1981) (action "cannot be effected if there is a lack of compliance with departmental regulations")
Blair v Diaz, 342 So 2d 1237, 1239 (1977)
Montgomery v Cook, 96 NM 199, 206; 413 P2d 477, 482-483 (1966)
Buckman v Hill Military Academy, 190 Or 154, 201; 223 P2d 172, 175 (1950)
Jones v Palace Realty Co, 226 NC 303; 37 SE2d 906, 908 (1946)
Evans v Platte Valley P P & I Dist, 144 Neb 368; 13 NW2d 401, 402 (1944)
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond v Neuse Mfg Co, 213 NC 489; 196 SE 848 (1938)
New Orleans v Texas & P Ry Co, 171 US 312, 333-334; 18 S Ct 875, 883; 14 L Ed 178 (1898).
As per federal law 5 USC § 7513, notice must precede ouster! When no notice is provided,
"jurisdiction" is lacking, the ouster is void, and cannot be ratified, as per the definition of "void," Black's Law Dictionary (6th ed, 1990), p 1573.
Not a hard concept to obey, followed for everyone but whistleblower. TACOM and accessories' "universal malice" is so intense they refuse to acknowledge. They thus cause the "natural and probable consequences," foreseeable deaths of Americans. |
-5-
The lack of notice, that is the key controlling fact that "necessarily renders all of the other facts immaterial." Celotex Corp v Catrett, 477 US 317, 323; 106 S Ct 2548; 91 L Ed 2d 265 (1986).
Ed. Note: See similar analyses mandating due process at a meaningful time, in other contexts, e.g.,
divorce, Boddie v Connecticut, 401 US 371; 91 S Ct 780, 786; 28 L Ed 2d 113 (1971). |
C. THE JURISDICTIONAL ISSUE OF 5 USC § 552 ENABLES REOPENING.
The Defendant will claim that a major issue is deleterious cigarette smoke; that it treated it as an uncontrollable Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ) requirement; and that I don't meet that qualification requirement! Even if the claim were true (it is not; the whole claim is a fraud), "the job requirements and qualifications [of my job description, shared with others] had never been formally changed," Sabol v Snyder, 524 F2d 1009, 1011 (1975). TACOM fears letting an honest investigator or EEOC Administrative Judge "examine the position descriptions," look for "legitimate job requirements," Coleman v Darden, 595 F2d 533 (1979), Stalkfleet v Postal Service, 6 MSPB 536, 541 (1981). Tobacco smoke is not "in the requirements for any position," 5 USC § 2302(b)(6). No such requirement is published, a jurisdictional requirement by law, 5 USC § 552.(a)(1). This law is followed for others, not me. Regardless, the qualifications [and 5 CFR § 752 removal-rules] writing agency of the federal government is the Office of Personnel Management, it denies such a qualification requirement exists (Exhibit 2).
This issue only arises from preferences; personal preferences in basic civil service and EEO law, have no legal standing, Knotts v U.S., 128 Ct Cl 489; 121 F Supp 630 (1954), and Diaz v Pan Am Airways, Inc., 442 F2d 385 (1971) cert den 404 US 950 (1971).
Any claim, if TACOM were to make it, that tobacco smoke is a BFOQ "suffers from a further inadequacy in that it failed to comply with 29 C.F.R. § 1607.5(b)(3), which requires that criteria used to predict job performance "must represent major or critical work behaviors as revealed by careful job analysis." Albemarle Paper Co v Moody, 422 US 405, 432 n 30; 95 S Ct 2362; 45 L Ed 280 (1975); U.S. v Chicago, 549 F2d 415, 431 (CA 7, 1970). At 432, "Job-relatedness can only be determined
-6-
where the criteria for selection are clearly identified." No job analysis has occurred.
BFOQ's must be applied across the board, not just to one person (me, as Defendant did, i.e., disparate treatment). BFOQ's must be stated in advance, not fabricated retroactively, i.e., must be pre-listed in hiring and medical forms, tests, be actually required for the job, checked for in background investigations, etc. The process is described in case law, e.g., U.S. v City of Chicago, 549 F2d 415, 429-434 (CA 7, 1977). Defendant knows there are minimal medical requirements for personnel work, due to the nature of the job, and those few are on the "Health Qualification Placement Form" (use of fingers, rapid mental and muscular coordination, near and far and color vision, hearing, clear speech, and mental and emotional stability), all of which Defendant's own Dr. Francis Holt certified I meet. Review will show such facts in minutes.
In Michigan especially, smoking is not a BFOQ. Deleterious cigarettes are illegal in Michigan, since 1909, pursuant to Michigan law MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216. Far from deleterious cigarette smoke being a BFOQ, it is illegal.
5 USC § 552.(a)(l)(C) - (D) makes publication of a qualification requirement "jurisdictional," Hotch v U.S., 212 F2d 280 (1954); Bowen v City of New York, 476 US 467 (1986). Please take official notice that no federal employee has ever, but me, been accused of having a "presence of tobacco smoke" qualification requirement. Actually, TACOM did not say it was a requirement; there was no advance notice. TACOM just said afterwards that I fail to meet the requirement! Well, what is it? TACOM denies me the right to reply until it provides notice identifying what it means.
Others have had actions taken against them canceled when there was no notice of a qualification requirement or other rule violation by them. Morton v Ruiz, 415 US 199, 231; 94 S Ct 1055, 1072; 39 L Ed 2d 270 (1974); Hotch v U.S., 212 F2d 280, 281 (CA 9, 1954); W. G. Cosby Transfer & Storage Corp v Dept of Army, 480 F2d 498, 503 (CA 4, 1973) (Army has a pattern of law
-7-
violations on personnel matters, necessitating court intervention); and Onweiler v U.S., 432 F Supp 1226, 1229 (D Idaho, 1977). Others similarly situated are not so treated.
I repeatedly return to duty as per Bevan v N Y St T R System, 74 Misc 2d 443; 345 NYS 2d 921 (1973) (the case of an employee also falsely accused of not meeting a non-existent qualification requirement!).
Defendant's disqualifying me for allegedly failing to meet a non-requirement, on the same job dscription as co-workers, is inconsistent, needs explanation, Garrett v F.C.C., 168 US App DC 266; 513 F2d 1056 (1975); Marco Sales Co v F.T.C., 453 F2d 1, 7 (CA 2, 1971); Yorkshire v. MSPB, 746 F2d. 1454 (CA Fed, 1984).
Federal subject matter jurisdiction presents an issue which may be raised by a party or court at any time. Enrich v. Touche Ross & Co., 846 F.2d 1190 (9th Cir. 1988); Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3).
D. THE AGENCY DENIED ME 'INFORMED
CHOICE" TO EVEN COMMENCE REVIEW.
Once Defendant cut me off from EEOC review, in February 1980 at the time of the ouster, Defendant provided no notice of how to proceed under such a severe restraint (denial of access to an entire review forum), then to present, hence, I have never had "informed choice" since then. This is so despite the requirements of providing such data, not just as a matter of human rights and decency, but as per due process and case law, e.g., Scharf v Air Force, 710 F2d 1572 (CA Fed, 1983). Indeed, even were the agency to claim I chose some "forum" anyway, thereafter, that was not my "first action," hence depriving any reviewer thereafter of jurisdiction, Carreno v Dept of Army, 22 MSPR 515, 518 (1984).
Ed. Note: Johnson v Dept of Labor, 26 MSPR 447, 449 (1985), agency must "afford appellant proper notice of her potential avenues of redress" and without that, "even appellant's action in filing an appeal to the Board did not constitute an informed election."
This case arose in context of construing what employee choice of redress came first, pursuant to 5 USC 7121(d), which provides in peretinent part:
"An employee shall be deemed to have exercised his option under this subsection to raise the matter under either a statutory procedure or the negotiated procedure at such time as the employee timely initiates an action under the applicable statutory procedure or timely files a grievance in writing, in accordance with the parties' negotiated procedure, whichever event occurs first." No choice except a void one can occur until after being notified by the agency of what the choices are. |
There certainly is no "jurisdiction" for such egregious departure from published regulations as here! neither notice of rights nor allowance of the "forum" chosen! So this is also a jurisdictional [issue], above references incorporated here by reference.
-8-
Indeed, in equity, a party cannot violate rules, then expect court to support it! See, e.g., Service v Dulles, 354 US 363; 77 S Ct 1152; 1 L Ed 2d 1403 (1957), and Glus v Eastern District Terminal, 359 US 231, 232; 79 S Ct 760, 762; 3 L Ed 2d 770, 772 (1959), BTC v Norton CMC, 25 F Supp 968, 969 ([DWD Ky] 1938); and Buckman v HMA, 190 Or 154; 223 P2d 172, 175 (1950). "No one may take advantage of his own wrong," Stephenson v Golden, 279 Mich 710, 737; 276 NW 848 (1938).
"The proof of the pattern or practice [of reprisal against whistleblowers] supports an inference that any particular decision [to commit anti-whistleblower action], during the period in which the policy was in force, was made in pursuit of that policy. Teamsters v U.S., 431 US 324, 362; 97 S Ct 1843, 1868; 52 L Ed 2d 396, 431 (1977).
"One cardinal principle must be borne in mind, that any element of illegality essential to a scheme or combination makes the whole illegal." Newton Co v Erickson, 70 Misc 291, 298; 126 NYS 949, 954 (1911).
"No conduct has such an absolute privilege as to justify all possible schemes of which it may be a part. The most innocent and constitutionally protected of acts or omissions may be made a step in a criminal plot, and if it is a step in a plot, neither its innocence nor the Constitution is sufficient to prevent the punishment of the plot by law." Aiken v Wisconsin, 195 US 194, 205-206; 25 S Ct 3, 6; 49 L Ed 154, 159 (1904).
E. THE NEW EEOC "RIGHT-TO-SUE" LETTER ENABLES REOPENING.
This is self-explanatory.
F. IRREPARABLE INJURY IS PRESUMED IN LAW VIOLATION.
In law, "irreparable injury should be presumed from the very fact that the statute has been violated." U.S. v. Hayes Int'l Corp., 415 F.2d 1038 (CA 5, 1969). Here, the nation is impacted by the rampant policy of reprisal against whistleblowers, not to mention destruction of my career, family, finances.
CONCLUSION
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff moves to reopen the case so fraudulently closed, and for other relief as the court may determine.
| | Respectfully,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
| | Leroy J. Pletten
| | Plaintiff
| | 8401 18 Mile Road #29
| | Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
| | (586) 739-8343 | | | | | | |
Exhibits:
1. Benacquisata Dep, p 62, 1982 (p 10 of Brief)
2. OPM Jurisdiction BFOQ Denial Letter, 1984 (p 11 of Brief)
-9- |
|
|
[Benacquista Deposition, Exhibit 1]
1 Q You said something to the effect that you
2 wouldn't direct a person to go back to work where he
3 thought there was a hazard, where that would be unsafe
4 for him.
Q 5 Can you repeat what you said in that nature?
6 A If we are going to get into that I would like to go back
7 and hear what the whole line of questioning was.
8 Q Well, I'm not sure we can do that.
9 Well, let's go back-no, let's not. It's
10 quite a ways back.
11 Q We were talking previously about why you
12 didn't just order him back to work. Why wouldn't you say,
13 "Look, we've done all this work and you should go back
14 to work"?
15 Q Why wouldn't you do that?
16 A His contention was that that was a hazard and that he
17 required a smoke-free environment.
18 A We had acknowledged and transmitted a
19 number of times that the environment in the building was
20 considered reasonably free of contaminants, you know.
21 Why would I want to go around and tell
22 somebody, "You have got to go back in there"? That is
23 a personal judgment on his own part. The job was available.
24 All he had to do was to say, "I agree that this is
25 reasonably free of contaminants."
-62-
Ed. Note: For narrative on proper court reaction to retaliation, even one incident being enough for redress, see Hillside Productions, Inc, at al v Steve Duchane, et al, Case No. 02-73618 (J. N. G. Edmunds, 14 March 2003), the constitutional and procedural rights discussion pp 16-32. |
-10-
Exh 1
|
[OPM Letter, Exhibit 2]
United States
Office of Personnel Management
Washington, D.C. 20415
JAN 30 1984
In reply refer to | | Your reference |
Mr. Leroy J. Pletten
8401 18 Mile Road 29
Sterling Heights, Michigan 48078
Dear Mr. Pletten:
This is in reply to your Freedom of Information request dated December 12, 1983, and received in this office on January 23, 1984. A copy of your letter was forwarded to this office for reply to those items pertaining to qualification requirements since this office has responsibility for the development of qualifications standards.
Specifically, you requested a copy of any and all qualification requirements issued by OPM that require smoking as a condition of Federal employment. You asked that this include qualification requirements in Handbook X-118 as well as any OPM may have issued or may be using that are not a part of the X-118 system. You also requested that if there are no such requirements that we so state.
This office is not aware of any qualifications standards issued or in use by OPM that require the ability to smoke. As a consequence, we cannot fill your request for copies of such material.
- Sincerely,
- /s/ Joseph W. Howe
- Joseph W. Howe
- Assistant Director
- for Standards
- Development
-11-
Exh 2
|
|
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Judge Cook, Julian, Jr.
Civil Action No. 85-72998
FILED '03 JAN 24 P 3:10
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OF MOTIONS
STATE OF MICHIGAN | | ) |
| | | |
| | | | SS
| | |
| COUNTY OF MACOMB | | ) | | |
Plaintiff Leroy J. Pletten, being first duly sworn, deposes and says that his statements in his Motions and Briefs being filed at this time are true and correct.
1. In summary, I am an employee of Defendant Department of the Army at its Tank-Automotive Command (TACOM) in Warren, Michigan.
2. TACOM assigned me functions of personnel and crime prevention. I became a whistle blower. In reprisal, TACOM ousted me. It sent no 5 USC § 7513.(b) advance notice of charges, no reasons, no specificity, e.g., no misconduct or job description duties' performance requirements and qualifications unmet or below standards. I did no misconduct; attendance was better than co-workers; appraisals were for acceptable quality work under the performance evaluation law 5 USC § 4304.
3. TACOM nonetheless claims to have made some decision to terminate me. This was solely due to my refusal to alter anticipated testimony, and cease and desist pursuing whistleblowing issues. That was the immediate "proximate cause" for the termination decision.
4. At the time (early 1980) of Defendant's ordering me off-premises, it also did not provide me
-1-
a notice of all appeal rights; it has never done so thereafter. Instead, it has regularly denied I have any appeal rights. Pursuant to that view, it has opposed my every effort to secure review like others.
5. Until Defendant notifies me of appeal rights, I do not know what they are, can only speculate. All I have done was "uninformed," mere guesses. I deny ever waiving my right to notice and merits review like others typically receive, as per my years of experience providing same to others.
6. Moreover, EEOC has verified in its decision, Docket Nos. 01800273 et al, p 2 (23 Feb 1982), a decision that TACOM did not appeal, that TACOM had cut me off from access to EEO review by February 1980. Significantly, that is the time of the termination decision!
7. I could not make, was not allowed to make, a choice of forum, of which the agency neither notified me, nor (this is undisputed) allowed me to have access.
8. Defendant may allege 'disqualification.' But in a female co-worker case, Re Bertram, File No. A9-190131, it denies that the matter at issue is in employment, "a condition of her work," or in her job description requirements. For me, it pretends, without notice, the contrary.
9. This court case was dismissed 30 Jan 1986 (Challenger-astronaut-death-day due to whistleblower fear of reprisal if too aggressive for safety). Dismissal was on the fraudulent basis of "the parties" allegedly having "advised the Court" the "issues have been settled. . . ."
10. As a party (Plaintiff), I did no such thing, was unaware of said allegations, disagree entirely, and have continuously both before and after, been seeking the notice and review that all other federal employees routinely receive as a matter of course. My reply/review-seeking filings are voluminous.
11. In August 1986, my then attorney sent me a letter on the basis of the case being open and not settled, and thereafter continued to represent the case as open. He has not told me to the contrary.
12. I have never considered the issues "settled," issues of my being terminated, suspended, put on forced LWOP contrary to the agency regulation 600-5.14-28 and 29, terminated, removed.
-2-
Defendant terms vary as it issued no 30 days advance notice pursuant to 5 USC § 7513.(b).
13. I have continually been seeking review to begin as done for others, e.g., to be allowed to return to duty, thus "reply" as provided for by 5 USC § 7513.(b), as recently as days ago in Dec 2002; and to get processing to begin on my EEO requests for review to commence administratively, pursuant to the then EEO regulation, then 29 CFR § 1613, now 29 CFR § 1614.
14. Defendant made me a senior personnel official, as such, I am aware of some of the case law and precedents, but need an attorney, due to the known pattern of anti-whistleblower reprisal.
15. All copies provided with my filings are true copies.
16. Assuming that Defendant continues its pattern of merely filing attorney pleadings, and refusal to file any first hand evidence under oath, this affidavit is to be accepted as undisputed, see case law, e.g., Ceja v U.S., 710 F2d 812 (CA Fed, 1983).
| | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
| | Leroy J. Pletten
| | Personnel Office Crime Prevention Officer/Plaintiff
| | |
/s/Julie Ann Pawlos
Julie Ann Pawlos
NOTARY PUBLIC MACOMB CO., MI
MY COMMISSION EXPIRES Mar 19, 2007
This document was acknowledged and signed
by Leroy J. Pletten before me on January 23, 2003.
-3- |
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Judge Cook, Julian, Jr.
Civil Action No. 85-72998
FILED '03 JAN 24 P 3:08
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that on the date below, I transmitted Motions for Reopening, for Appointment of Attorney, and to Show Cause, with Briefs and affidavit, to
Clerk of Court | | Attorney General John Ashcroft
for Judge Julian Abele Cook | | U.S. Department of Justice
Theodore Levin U.S. Courthouse | | 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
231 W Lafayette | | Washington, DC 20530-0001 (mail)
Detroit MI 48226 (handcarried) | | [Cert # 7002 2030 0007 9879 1038,
| | delivered at 4:15 am 29 Jan 2003]
| |
| Jeffrey G. Collins, U.S. Attorney | |
| Eastern District of Michigan | |
| 211 West Fort Street, Suite 2001 | |
| Detroit, MI 48226 | |
| [handcarried] | | | | | | | | |
| | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
24 January 2003 | | Leroy J. Pletten
| | |
The Jan 1986 Dismissal At Issue
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Civil Action No. 85-72998
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
ORDER OF DISMISSAL
At a session of said Court held in the U.S.
Courthouse in the City of Detroit, Michigan
on _______January 30, 1986__________
PRESENT: ____Julian Abele Cook, Jr.__
HONORABLE JULIAN ABELE COOK, Jr.
United States District Judge
The parties have advised the Court that the issues in controversy have been settled, thereby obviating the necessity of a trial.
IT IS ORDERED that the above-entitled cause shall be, and is, dismissed without prejudice and without costs.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that any party in interest, upon the presentation of good cause, may move to vacate or modify the terms of this Order within a period of ninety (90) days from the effective date of this Order.
/s/Julian Abele Cook, Jr.
JULIAN ABELE COOK, Jr.
Dated: 30 JAN 1986
Detroit, Michigan |
The case was on remand from the Federal Circuit, on appeal from 24 Oct 1984 decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board, 23 MSPR 682, an agency having no jurisdiction as per the Army in violation of 29 CFR 1613.403, now 29 CFR 1614.302(b), having refused to notify me of my options (EEOC OR MSPB), and further having locked me out of access to EEOC since February 1980, the time of the "decision to terminate" me as noted by EEOC's Henry Perez, Jr., 9 April 1980. See also Carreno v Dept of Army, 22 MSPR 515, 518 (1984), supra.
MSPB had upheld the removal, disregarding the gross violations shown on the record, and inventing an utterly wild story bearing no relation to actual events, thus giving no indication whatever of the whistle-blowing and criminal activity underlying the situation. As in a fiction book disclaimer, any resemblance between the MSPB story, and actual reality, is purely coincidental.
Actual issues were no notice, no due process, no right to reply, closure of review forum, violation of agency rules, etc.
MSPB fraudulently claimed the issue was "accommodation." But in law and fact, "accommodation" issues are an affirmative defense to a advance notice, see 61 Am Jur 2d 152, p 580; Bolling v Navy, 43 MSPR 668, 671 (1990), and Brown v Postal Service, 47 MSPR 50, 59 (1991). Here there was no "advance notice" to which to reply to, much less, to present such such defense.
Even if the MSPB claim had been true, there has now been "intervening change in the legal atmosphere that it renders the bar of collateral estoppel [purported prior review] inapplicable in this case," a concept from Texaco Inc v U.S., 217 Ct Cl 416; 579 F2d 614 (1978), cited in Wilson v Turnage, 791 F2d 157 (CA Fed, 1986), also a federal employee case.
As per the 'authority to cease permitting smoking' issue, as USACARA noted 25 Jan 1980, AR 600-20.2-1 grants commanders full authority to do their jobs. The duty of Army was to exercise that authority at the time. It refused to do so, forthwith terminated me when I won the confirmation of its authority, it did not explain why, neither cause nor why it claims continued lack of authority, and still has not explained. This is particularly significant, as once it thought it had beat me, it then exercised the very authority it had been denying!
With respect to smoking (behavior spewing high levels of toxic chemicals into the air), federal rule 29 CFR § 1910.1000 (1964 Surgeon General Report, Chapter 6, p 60, listing cigarette chemicals vs the legal limits) bans doing it. Obeying 29 CFR § 1910.1000 is a mandatory duty.
U.S. Attorneys, due to their oft private practice wherein they are responsible as an employer to obey the law, knows very well that the safety duty "is unqualified and absolute," not merely "reasonable," or what "the average workplace" may be doing, Natl Realty & C Co Inc v O.S.H.R.C., 160 US App DC 133; 489 F2d 1257, 1265 (1973).
"[T]he benefit of worker health [is] above all other considerations." Am Textile Mfrs Inst v Donovan, 452 US 490, 509; 101 S Ct 2478, 2490; 69 L Ed 2d 185, 202 (1981). Safety law 29 USC § 651 et seq., bans hazardous conduct, i.e., even if, at any specific employer, compliance "had never before been attained," Am Fed of Labor, Etc. v Marshall, 617 F2d 636, 658 (1979) aff'd 452 US 490 (1981). "Otherwise the Act's commitment to protect workers might be forever frustrated."
|
U.S. Army TACOM
Note Bldg 230 (Item 1), Pletten's Jobsite,
at Southwest Corner of TACOM
1 - Bldg 230 | 14 - Bldg 8 | 26 - Bldg 3
2 - Bldg 219 | 15 - Bldg S-40 | 27 - Bldg 1
3 - Bldg. 200D | 16 - Bldg 7 | 28 - Bldg 2
4 - Bldg 200C | 17 - Bldg 4 ANNEX | 29 - Bldg T-12
5 - Bldg 200B | X-RAY LAB30 - Bldg T-13
6 - Bldg 200A | 18 - Bldg 23 | 31 - Bldg T-14
7 - Bldg 212 | 19 - Bldg 6 | 32 - Bldg T-15
8 - Bldg 201 | 20 - Bldg T-54 | 33 - Bldg T-16
9 - Bldg 203 | 21 - Bldg T-55 | 34 - Bldg T-21 & T-22
10 - Bldg 205 | 22 - Bldg 5 | 35 - Bldg T-17
11 - Bldg 215 | 23 - Bldg 9 | 36 - Bldg T-20
12 - Bldg 227 | 24 - Bldg 10 | 37 - Bldg T-19
13 - Bldg 233 | 25 - Bldg 4 | 38 - Bldg T-18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
When new precedents come down, as so many did during the pendency of my situation, the government, for non-whistleblowers, provides the court a "Confession of Error." Example, U.S. v Graham, 688 F2d 746 (CA 11, 1982). But for whistleblowers, treated differently, with "universal malice" type hatred, this is not done. |
Ed. Note Addendum: I cited the 1986 explosion of the Challenger shuttle in whistleblower context.
On 23-24 Jan 2003, I could not know that a mere days hence, the Columbia shuttle would suffer a similar fate, again apparently tied to the rampant violence against whistleblowers.
Note the news being reported Tuesday, 4 Feb 2003, that Space Shuttle Program Manager Ronald Dittemore said, originally, nobody had any reservations about the analysis of the data on the damage that occurred when the shuttle took off (about 20 inches of foam insulation fell off, potentially damaging shuttle heat tiles). No concern by any employee was expressed on the record.
But now says Dittemore: "Now I am aware, here some two days later, that there have been some reservations expressed by certain individuals, and it goes back in time." And, the concerned people "didn't come forward."
Here's a possible reason. Employees who become "whistleblowers" reporting suspected hazards, are often brutalized, kicked out, punished, suspended, fired. This is so notorious a reaction against whistleblowers that this concern was published years ago.
In attacking a whistleblower, federal agencies (aided and abetted by the Department of Justice, an agency "against the best interests of the United States . . . . " including by its firm policy and practice against prosecuting agency crimes against whistleblowers):
“go well beyond merely defeating a whistle blower . . . prove to others that no one is safe . . . make the most outrageous charges possible. . . . for purposes of teaching others a lesson, the more obvious the inconsistency [with work record (and law)] the better . . . .”—Thomas M. Devine and Donald G. Aplin, "Whistleblower Protection-Gap Between Law and Reality," 31 Howard Law Journal (#2) 223, 226 (1988).
However, nothing was done meaningful to aid whistleblowers. Presidential appointees to Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB, www.mspb.gov) and Office of Special Counsel (OSC www.osc.gov) (really, the 'good ole-boys protection boards') and Department of Justice (www.doj.gov) hate us federal employees.
Too pro-safety, too pro-environment, too-pro something, or too-anti something, many of us—that's why we entered the civil service, idealistic. So in the ranks, where the hazard awareness is, there is widespread fear of being deemed a "whistleblower" by pushing to get the word out of any specific hazard. So naturally nobody with a concern about the recent situation would "come forward"—far safer for one's career, family, finances, to look the other way, NOT "come forward."
Remember, the Challenger, 1986. Big speech that night by Reagan, so ignore the whistleblower who said, 'the O-rings' are froze, too dangerous to take off.' Challenger has got to take off, safety or not.
Whistleblowers, in this type political environment, do not dare to persist. They know how we are treated—destruction of career, reputation, finances, family. Our cases are known through the civil service—we get fired, and almost never a one gets justice.
This is not theory. I know how whistleblowers are treated, by first-hand experience. Been there, done that.
So you may want to keep an eye out on this breaking story—on WHY the employees with the "reservations" didn't "come forward." What's the political environment involved here with the recent flight? anything sensitive? gotta do it!? Well, then, whistleblowers, shut up, you obstructionists, you—that's the message we get. Shut up or be put out.
Another issue has surfaced on the recent Columbia shuttle crash, inadequacy of the de-iceing system. Planes need de-icing! The Shuttle had a device, but it was removed to allow for more experiments. Was this a factor? Did whistleblowers object to the removal? Perhaps the ongoing NASA investigation
[caib.us/] will reveal. |
Note definition of the term "natural and probable consequence," it relates to events that "happen so frequently . . . that . . . they may be expected [intended, foreseen] to happen again."—Black's Law Dictionary, 6th ed (St. Paul: West, 1990), p 1026. "A person [agency] is presumed to intend the natural and probable consequences of his [its] voluntary acts." P 1185.
This Army whistleblower case began by the Army acting unlawfully, with extortion (demand that I cease and desist exposing a "natural and probable consequences" of cigarette smuggling onto the premises in violation of both MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, and TACOM's own TACOM-R 190-4, banning drugs and discouraging personal property being brought on-post). Under such circumstances, says the Supreme Court: "We think that where a [smuggling] distribution system exists . . . which is illegal . . . where that illegality necessarily persists in part . . . subsequent [actions], otherwise valid, should be cancelled, along with the invalid arrangements, in order that the ground may be cleansed effectually from the vice of the former illegality." "Equity has power to eradicate the evils of a condemned scheme by prohibition of the use of admittedly valid parts of an invalid whole. U.S. v Univis Lens Co, 316
US 241, 254; 62 S Ct 1088, 1095; Ethyl Gasoline Corp v U.S., 309
US 436, 461; 60 S Ct 618, 627. Cf.
Standard Oil Co v U.S., 221
US 1, 78; 31 S Ct 502, 523; 34 LRA (NS) 834; Ann Cas1912D, 734; U.S. v Union Pac R Co, 226
US 61, 96; 33 S Ct 53, 61;
U.S. v Union Pac R Co, , 226 US 470, 476, 477; 33 S Ct 162, 165 (1913); Aikens v Wisconsin, 195
US 194, 205-206, 25 S Ct 3, 5-6; 49 L Ed 154, 159;
U.S. v Bausch & Lomb Optical Co, 321 US 707, 724; 64 S Ct 805; 88 L Ed 1024 (SD NY, 10 April 1944).
See example of Army acknowledgment of receipt of my whistleblowing papers:
For details and context, including my further whistleblowing getting the Army "investigate-itself" reaction overruled, click here. |
5 USC § 552.(a)(l)(C) - (D) makes publication of a rule/qualification "jurisdictional," as all adjudicators on-point have ruled, e.g.,:
Hotch v U.S., 212 F2d 280, 281 (CA 9, 22 March 1954);
Morton v Ruiz, 415 US 199, 231-237; 94 S Ct 1055, 1073-1075; 39 L Ed 2d 270 (20 Feb 1974);
Bowen v City of N Y, 476 US 467; 106 S Ct 2022; 90 L Ed 2d 462 (1986);
Berends v Butz, 357 F Supp 143, 154-158 (D Minn, 20 March 1973);
W. G. C. T. & S. Corp v Army, 480 F2d 498, 503 (CA 4, 13 June 1973) (Army has pattern, did this before);
Anderson v Butz, 550 F2d 459 (CA 9, 1 Feb 1977);
Dean v Butz, 428 F Supp 477, 480 (D HAW, 28 Feb 1977);
St. Elizabeth Hospital v U.S., 558 F2d 8, 13-14 (CA 9, 1 Feb 1977);
Onweiler v U.S., 432 F Supp 1226, 1229 (D ID, 25 May 1977);
Aiken v Obledo, 442 F Supp 628, 654 (D ED Cal, 18 Oct 1977);
Historic Green Springs, Inc v Bergland, 497 F Supp 839, 854-857 (D ED Va, 1980);
Vigil v Andrus, 667 F2d 931, 936-939 (CA 10, 4 Jan 1982).
The tobacco qualification "requirement" does not exist, was purely ad hoc, invented solely for my case by TACOM, with corrupt prior MSPB and DOJ approval, ex parte arranged.
Disregard of Morton and Bowen is especially striking as a matter of law, as there can be no tobacco qualification for the "employment" matters herein. Smoking is not in employment, as numerous precedents show, see list in Annot., 20 A.L.R.3d 893 (1968). So Tobacco Smoke cannot be used to measure job performance, handicap or accommodation all of which "relate to employment." 29 U.S.C. 706 (7)(B). Tobacco smoke is not job "essential functions." Once "individualized inquiry" on job description requirements begins pursuant to Hall v Postal Service, 857 F2d 1073, 1078-9 (CA 6, 1988), smoking will not be found in any job description. Both Morton and Bowen show that both existence and publication are conditions precedent to an alleged disqualification.
Quod ab initio non valet in tractu temporis non convalescet." That which is bad in its commencement improves not by lapse of time. Quod initio non valet, tractu temporis non valet. A thing void in the beginning does not become valid by lapse of time.—Black's Law Dictionary (St. Paul: West Pub, 5th ed, 1979), pp 1126-1127.
U.S. Attorney pattern of contempt for due process rights is clear, see NAACP v Levi, 418 F Supp 1109, 1114-1117 (D DC, 3 Sep 1976) (not investigating before acting).
I repeatedly return to duty per Bevan v N Y St T R System, 74 Misc 2d 443; 345 NYS 2d 921 (1973) (employee also falsely accused of not meeting non-existent qualification requirement!) Army had provided me a qualifications waiver—then ousted me re 'qualifications'!
|
The MSPB case below, on which the appeal to the Federal Circuit had been filed, is at 23 MSPR 682 (24 Oct 1984). (See Att'y Chicago Brief.)
Prior decisions in the sequence of events are at
6 MSPB 626; 7 MSPR 13 (18 June 1981);
11 MSPB 207; 12 MSPR 595 (26 July 1982);
13 MSPB 252; 14 MSPR 636 (17 March 1983);
all reversed by EEOC April 1983 (Docket 03.81.0087), defied by
15 MSPR 697 (20 July 1983);
16 MSPB 88 (8 August 1983). All affirmed, CA 88-1467, 89-1086 (ED MI, 1988), aff'd 908 F2d 972 (13 July 1990), cert den.
Related cases include Pletten versus OPM, 36 MSPR 233 (29 Jan 1988), aff'd 88-2196 (ED MI, 1988) aff'd 891 F2d 292 (table) (CA 6, 14 Dec 1989).
The case before Judge Cook had been fraudulently abandoned, unbeknownest to me.
Employees who have had some success administratively, as I had, are to receive their pay during participation in court processing. Mitchell v Baldridge, 662 F Supp 907 (DDC, 1987). Disregarding this concept shows malice.
The criminality of the underlying situation produces mental anguish typical of crime victims, as it constitutes "interference with the victim's ability to conduct a normal life, . . . . absence from the workplace," People v Gorney, 99 Mich App 199, 207; 297 NW2d 648, 651 (1980) lv app den 410 Mich 911 (1981).
This "extreme and outrageous . . . conduct [arising] from the abuse of a relationship which puts [them] in a position of actual or apparent authority . . . or gives [them] power to affect [appellant's] interests," McCahill v Commercial Ins Co, 179 Mich App 761, 768; 446 NW2d 579, 582 (1989).
Officials at all levels are liable ('ignorance defense' not allowed). Application of Yamashita, 327 US 1; 66 S Ct 340-379; 90 L Ed 499 (1946), and Application of Honmo, 327 US 759; 66 S Ct 515-517; 90 L Ed 992 (1946) (holding government officials criminally liable for unknown illegal acts of subordinates). Compare United States v Park, 421 US 658, 672; 95 S Ct 1903; 44 L Ed 2d 489 (1975) (holding private sector official criminally liable for subordinates' acts).
|
The summary of incidents of government use of perjury to win cases before and after mine, by Christopher Slobogin, "Testilying: Police Perjury and What To Do About It," above-cited, 67 U Colo Law Rev. 1037 (Fall 1996) ("Strong measures are needed to reduce the powerful incentives to practice such testilying and the reluctance of prosecutors and judges to do anything about it") has not resulted in a solution. Moreover, concern about the established pattern of government lying to win cases goes back a long way, without ever a solution. Here are more examples
United States v Agurs, 427 US 97; 96 S Ct 2392; 49 L Ed 2d 342 (1976) is the U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that a prosecutor's knowing use of perjured testimony violates due process, but not yet holding at that time that government perjury in itself violates constitutional rights. The studies thereafter, examples herein, showing widespread government perjury, confirm the need for such explicit ruling.
Mapp v Ohio, 367 US 643; 81 S Ct 643; 6 L Ed 2d 1081 (1961), says, "Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws."
18 USC § 1001 bans lying! 18 USC § 1961 defines "continuing criminal enterprise." When the government uses perjury on a regular basis, it itself becomes a "continuing criminal enterprise."
Irving Younger, "The Perjury Routine," The Nation (8 May 1967), pp 596-97 ("Every lawyer who practices in the criminal courts knows that police perjury is commonplace.")
The Knapp Commission Report on Police Corruption (NY: 1972) (with rare exceptions, those who are not corrupt, take no steps to prevent what they know/suspect colleagues do)
Fred Cohen, "Police Perjury: An Interview with Martin Garbus," 8 Crim Law Bull 363, 367 (1972) ("[A]mong all the lawyers that I know—whether they are into defense work or prosecution—not one of them will argue that systematic police perjury does not exist. We may differ on its extent, its impact . . . but no trial lawyer that I know will argue that police perjury is nonexistent or sporadic.")
Charles M. Sevilla, "The Exclusionary Rule and Police Perjury," 11 San Diego Law Rev 839 (1974), says pro-conviction perjury "is recognized by the defense bar, winked at by the prosecution, ignored by the judiciary, and unknown to the general public."
David Wolchover, "Police Perjury in London," 136 New Law J 181, 183 (1986) (estimating that police officers lie in 3 out of 10 trials)
N. G. Kittel, "Police Perjury: Criminal Defense Attorneys' Perspective," 11 Am J Crim Just 11, 16 (1986) (57% of 277 attorneys believe police perjury takes place very often or often).
Myron W. Orfield, Jr., "Deterrence, Perjury, and the Heater Factor: An Exclusionary Rule in the Chicago Criminal Courts," 63 U Colo L Rev 75, 107 (1992) (survey of prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges indicates a belief that, on average, perjury occurs 20% of the time, with defense attorneys estimating it occurs 53% of the time in connection with Fourth Amendment issues; only 8% believe that police never, or almost never, lie in court)
"The proof of the pattern or practice [there, discrimination, here, nationwide government perjury and hostility to whistleblowers] supports an inference that any particular decision [including here], during the period in which the policy was in force, was made in pursuit of that policy."—Teamsters v U. S., 431 US 324, 362; 97 S Ct 1843, 1868; 52 L Ed 2d 396, 431 (1977).
|
Government non-response made by letter only.
Letter confirms ex parte contact with Judge's Clerk.
Will not respond unless court orders it.
(Click letter to enlarge, then click on enlarger.)
Ed. Note: This letter continues the pattern of attorney arguments, innuendos, only, not genuine evidence.
Note also that no offer is made to prosecute the crimes committed by and on behalf of agency personnel, notwithstanding that the extortion
is undisputed. This letter thus continues the policy, practice, pattern, of NOT prosecuting crimes against whistleblowers. Fedral employees, as studies show, will remain fearful to 'blow the whistle,' with the "natural and probable consequences" result that more Americans will be killed ("universal malice"). |
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
LEROY J. PLETTEN
Plaintiff,
Civil Case No. 88-72254
Hon. Anna Diggs Taylor
v.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF
THE ARMY
Defendant.
____________________________________/
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
I.
Judgment was entered in this case for the Defendant on December 13, 1988. On January 24, 2003, with more than fourteen years having passed, Leroy PIetten filed a Motion to Reopen this case on the basis that it was dismissed by fraud upon the court. Motions to reopen are governed by Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b). Rule 60(b) states in relevant part that:
On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or a party's legal representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; (2) newly discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(b); (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse party; (4) the judgment is void; (5) the Judgment has been satisfied, released, or discharged, or a prior judgment upon which it is based has been reversed or otherwise vacated, or it is no longer equitable that the judgment should have prospective application: or (6) any other reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment. The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) not more than one year after the judgment, order, or proceeding was entered or taken. A |
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motion under this subdivision (b) does not affect the finality of a judgment or suspend its operation. This rule does not limit the power of a court to . . . set aside a judgment for fraud upon the court. . . . |
It is clear that Pletten has failed to satisfy the time requirements set forth in Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(l), (b)(2), and (b)(3).(1) It is equally clear that those same time limitations do not apply to allegations amounting to a claim of fraud upon the court. Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b).(2)
Not all fraud is fraud upon the court. Rather, fraud upon the court is a narrower concept."(3)
The five elements that constitute fraud upon the court are conduct:
(1) on the part of an officer of the court, (2) that is directed to the 'judicial machinery' itself, (3) that is intentionally false, willfully blind to the truth. or in reckless disregard for the truth, (4) that is a positive averment or is concealment when one is under a duty to disclose, and (5) that deceives the court. Workman v. Bell, 245 F.3d 849, 852 (6th Cir. 2001). |
____________________________________
(1) Even if this motion were timely, it does not contain any new evidence, nor does it claim that any error of law was made in the initial decision and there is no evidence, let alone the requisite clear and convincing evidence, sufficient to establish fraud. Moreover, Rule 60(b)(4) and (5) are not applicable to the present circumstances. Finally, no exceptional circumstances have been presented such that they would warrant relief under Rule 60(b)(6). Rule 60(b)(6) should apply "only in exceptional or extraordinary circumstances which are not addressed by the first five numbered clauses of the Rule." Olle v. Henry & Wright Corp., 910 F.2d 357, 365 (6th Cir. 1990). Moreover, in order to be entitled to the extraordinary and exceptional relief afforded under Rule 60(b)(6), the party seeking relief must show that it filed a motion for relief under that Rule, and not under some other section of Rule 60. Id.
(2) See Demjanjuk v. Petrovsky, 10 F.3d 338, 352 (6th Cir. 1993) ("The Supreme Court has recognized a court's inherent power to grant relief, for 'after-discovered fraud,' from an earlier judgment 'regardless of the term of [its] entry.'" (quoting Hazel-Atlas Glass Co v. Hartford Empire Co., 322 U.S. 238, 244, 88 L. Ed. 1250, 64 S. Ct. 997 (1944)); King v. First Am. Investigations, Inc., 287 F.3d 91, 95 (2d Cir. 2002) ("motion to vacate for fraud committed upon the court is not subject to the one year limitation period."); see also Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S. 32, 115 L. Ed. 2d 27, 111 S. Ct. 2123, 2132 (1991).
(3) The type of fraud necessary to sustain an independent action attacking the finality of a judgment is narrower in scope than that which is sufficient for relief by timely motion under Rule 60(b)(3) for fraud on an adverse party. Gleason v. Jandrucko, 860 F.2d 556, 558 (2d Cir. 1988). Fraud upon the court should embrace "only that species of fraud which does or attempts to, defile the court itself, or is a fraud perpetrated by officers of the court so that the judicial machinery cannot perform in the usual manner its impartial task of adjudging cases." Hadges v Yonkers Racing Corp., 48 F.3d 1320, 1325 (2d Cir. 1995) (quoting Kupferman v. Consolidated Research & Mfg Corp., 459 F.2d 1072, 1078 (2d Cir. 1972)).
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In this Motion, it is alleged that a fraud upon the court has arisen because "members of the bar have knowingly participated in the fraud . . . ." As a consequence of the alleged fraud upon the court, it is further alleged that "[d]ismissal was [granted] on the fraudulent basis of 'the parties' allegedly having 'advised the Court' [that] the 'issues have been settled.'
Bald and cursory allegations cannot rise to the level of fraud upon the court. Rather, in "all averments of fraud . . . the circumstances constituting fraud . . . shall be stated with particularity." Fed. R. Civ. P. 9(b).(4) Moreover, fraud upon the court must be established by clear and convincing evidence. See King v. First Am. Investigations, Inc., 287 F.3d 91, 95 (2d Cir. 2002); Ervin v. Wilkinson, 701 F.2d 59, 61 (7th Cir. 1983); England v. Doyle, 281 F.2d 304, 309-10 (9th Cir. 1960) (a judgment may be set aside whenever a party demonstrates, by clear and convincing evidence, that the judgment was obtained by means of a fraud upon the court); Booker v. Dugger, 825 F.2d 281, 283-84 (11th Cir. 1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 1015, 108 S. Ct. 1488, 99 L. Ed. 2d 716 (1988); Richardson v. National R.R. Passenger Corp., 49 F.3d 760, 763 (D.C. Cir. 1995); 11 Charles A. Wright & Arthur R. Miller, FEDERAL PRACTICE & PROCEDURE: CIVIL § 2860 at 189 (1973 & Supp. 1994-95).
In the instant case, Mr. Pletten has simply asserted the conclusory allegations included above.(5) Allegations such as these are insufficient to constitute fraud upon the court. Pfizer, Inc. v. International Rectifier Corp., 538 F.2d 180, 195 (8th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1040,
____________________________________
(4) It is well-settled that "generalized and conclusory allegations . . . do not satisfy Rule 9(b)." Bovee v. Coopers & Lybrand C.P.A., 272 F.3d 356, 361 (6th Cir. 2001) (citing Docker v. Massey-Ferguson, Ltd., 681 F.2d 111, 114 (2d Cir. 1982)).
(5) A Rule 60(b) motion is properly denied where the movant attempts to use such a motion to relitigate the merits of a claim and the allegations are unsubstantiated. See Mastini v American Tel. & Tel. Co., 369 F.2d 378, 379 (2d Cir. 1966).
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50 L. Ed. 2d 751, 97 S. Ct. 738 (1977) ("'fraud upon the court' must be supported by clear, unequivocal and convincing evidence.")
Because Mr. Pletten has failed to establish by clear and convincing evidence that a fraud upon the court has been perpetrated, the Motion to Reopen must be DENIED.
For the foregoing reasons,
IT IS ORDERED that the Plaintiff's Motion to Reopen is DENIED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
| | /s/Anna Diggs Taylor
| | ANNA DIGGS TAYLOR
| | UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
| | |
DATED: MAR 24 2003
Pursuant To Fed.R.Civ.P.,
Copies Have Been Sent To:
Leroy J. Pletten
Steven Z. Cohen
U.S. Attorney's Office
By: /s/JG
A TRUE COPY
CLERK, U.S. DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT 0F MICHIGAN
BY Sherry A. Stamp
DEPUTY CLERK |
|
8401 18 Mile Road #29
Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
586-739-8343
28 March 2003
Jeffrey G. Collins,
U.S. Attorney, Eastern District of Michigan
Attn: Nancy B. Pridgen
211 West Fort Street, Suite 2001
Detroit, MI 48226
Re: 24 March 2003 Court Order
Dear U.S. Attorney:
This requests you concur in my anticipated proposed motion for clarification, reconsideration, and reopening re CA No. 85-72998, on which a decision, perhaps, appears purported to have been made in CA No. 88-72254.
As the record shows, the suspension, forced leave, LWOP, termination, removal (terms vary as per no notice) meets the criteria for granting my request. Adverse actions without notice constitute both statutory and constitutional violations, and due to the jurisdictional aspect are void. For example, if a spouse were to say, ‘I divorced you,' without the requisite due process and documentation, the claim would be void. Siemering v Siemering, 95 Wis 2d 111, 115; 288 NW2d 881, 883 (Wis App, 1980). The "condition precedent not having been met, the action was never commenced." Until the "condition precedent" for change (re federal employees, proper notice, right to reply, etc.) is met, the status quo ante (employment, marriage) remains in full force and effect. According to MSPB (remember, I wanted EEO review, the agency refused me), Basinger v OPM, 5 MSPB 210 (1981) (action "cannot be effected if there is a lack of compliance with departmental regulations").
Re jurisdiction, cases such as Hotch v U.S., 212 F2d 280, 281 (CA 9, 1954); Morton v Ruiz, 415 US 199, 231-237; 94 S Ct 1055, 1073-1075; 39 L Ed 2d 270 (20 Feb 1974);
Bowen v City of N Y, 476 US 467; 106 S Ct 2022; 90 L Ed 2d 462 (1986); Berends v Butz, 357 F Supp 143, 154-158 (D Minn, 1973); W. G. C. T. & S. Corp v Army, 480 F2d 498, 503 (CA 4, 1973) (Army has pattern, did this before); Anderson v Butz, 550 F2d 459 (CA 9, 1977); Dean v Butz, 428 F Supp 477, 480 (D HAW, 1977); St. Elizabeth Hospital v U.S., 558 F2d 8, 13-14 (CA 9, 1977); Onweiler v U.S., 432 F Supp 1226, 1229 (D ID, 1977); Aiken v Obledo, 442 F Supp 628, 654 (D ED Cal, 1977); Historic Green Springs, Inc v Bergland, 497 F Supp 839, 854-857 (D ED Va, 1980); Vigil v Andrus, 667 F2d 931, 936-939 (CA 10, 1982), confirm this.
Please note the violations: ouster (1) Without Advance Notice of Charges (2) Denial of Right to Reply (Each Constituting Constitutional and Statutory Due Process Violations) (3) Denial of Notice of Appeal Rights (4) Use of Non-Existent Qualification "Standard" (A Statutory "Jurisdictional" Violation) Wherefore Firing Was Void, Cannot Be Ratified. This meets the criteria. Please concur. A void action cannot be ratified.
I began importuning the Dept of Justice at the time of the cited extortion, and was refused, as per the policy and practice cited in my Jan 2003 filing. Please do what you can to reverse this policy and practice, to which whistleblowers are subjected. (I would be happy to meet with you and Mr. Collins on this issue.) Americans whose lives will be saved by ending the anti-whistleblower animus will be grateful. As always, I look forward to returning to duty.
| | Sincerely,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
| | Leroy J. Pletten
| | CPO | | | |
|
Unbeknownst to Pletten, on 2 April 2003, the Docket Sheets were altered to retroactively pretend that the 24 Jan 2003 motions were in the wrong case number (88-72254) cited by Judge Taylor, incredibly, in ADDITION to being in Judge Cook's No. 85-72998, as they actually were correctly and timely logged in!
This falsification was not discovered by Pletten until 22 May 2003, shortly before 5:00 pm. Pletten thereupon sent an inquiry to the Clerk of Court on 23 May 2003. |
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Judge Cook, Julian, Jr.
Civil Action No. 85-72998
FILED 2003 APR 3 P 3:04
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
MOTION TO CLARIFY, AND/OR
RECONSIDER, AND/OR IN THE ALTERNATIVES TO REOPEN
Plaintiff Leroy J. Pletten moves to clarify and or reconsider the Memorandum Opinion and Order of 3-24-03, and or in alternatives, moves to reopen, for the following and attached reasons:
1. I am a federal whistleblower (in alcoholism, abortion, drug prevention, etc. context). Whistleblowers are subject to a known pattern of abuse including criminal acts by agencies, including fraud. This means Department of Justice consent, advise, aiding and abetting. This case is part of that pattern. Americans die as a result of the pattern of "universal malice" directed against whistleblowers.
2. I filed motions on 24 January 2003 in this Civil Action No. 85-72998 before Judge Cook. Unexpectedly, a Memorandum Opinion and Order in a years-later Civil Action (No. 88-72254) came from a different Judge, Anna Diggs Taylor, re whom I have previously filed motion for disqualification due to bias. Some exceptional, unknown-to-me circumstance has occurred to cause such a reaction, in a different case, of years later, with a conspicuous different docket number.
3. What came does not seem to acknowledge what I had filed. My quotes from the 1986 court order were treated as though unknown to Taylor (of course, as those quotes had been written by Judge Cook, not her). The material and affidavit were not addressed, despite them showing statutory violations and case voidness, and the equity aspect that others similarly situated are treated differently.
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4. As per Detroit News, page D1, Sunday, 30 March 2003, judges' actions undermining public confidence is being charged by a group, "Judicial Watch," involving same judges and Sixth Circuit (complaint incorporated here by reference). Re Sixth Circuit, I had filed police complaint of illegal document manipulation in Docket No. 88-2196 (891 F2d 292); Officer Scott Szekely began investigating, verifying my position; was then obstructed by Defendant, obstruction not done to others).
5. Courts must not only do right, they must be seen to do right.
6. The U.S. has just done a study ordered by Pres. Bush due to concern about federal management, "Federal Human Capital Survey" (www.fhcs.opm.gov), released 25 March. The study found that many federal workers leave not for retirement, but as their workplaces are not well managed. Over one-third of federal employees are considering leaving the job in the next three years, including in Dept of Justice. Without remedial action, we will not have enough skilled FBI agents in DOJ, nor food inspectors, or airline screeners. This is ominous for us all.
7. The Merit Newsletter (www.mspb.gov/studies/00decnws.pdf), Dec 2000, p 5, cites retaliation rates for the 1992-2000 era. Reprisal against exercise of rights such as whistleblowing, grievance, appeal, range from 7 - 12%. Using a conservative estimate of 2.6 million employees, this retaliation rate means 182,000 - 312,000 incidents of retaliation. Fewer than 7-12% of employees file such cases, thus retaliation is near universal, and of course known by colleagues, having a chilling effect, again ominous for us all in America.
8. I am an employee of the Defendant. It provided no due process notice of charge(s) and specifics, a constitutional due process and statutory (5 USC § 7513.(b)) violation. Case law shows that then, the ouster is void, employee status remains "on the rolls." Defendant further denied me notice of review and appeal rights, and obstructed those I attempted to exercise via uninformed choice.
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9. Defendant has not let me reply, nor notified me of review rights, nor allowed administrative review such as all other federal employees are routinely provided as a matter of course, despite my decades of repeatedly requesting same.
10. This specific case (No. 85-72998 as distinct from No. 88-72254) was dismissed 30 Jan 1986 (the Challenger-astronaut-death-era due to whistleblower fear of reprisal if too aggressive for safety). Dismissal was, as would be known to Judge Cook but not to Judge Taylor, on the fraudulent basis of "the parties" (no names cited) allegedly having "advised the Court" (Judge Cook) the "issues have been settled. . . ." In terms of ratifying the case below, 23 MSPR 682 (on the removal, termination, suspension, forced leave; terms vary, as per no notice; and MSPB without jurisdiction via its own precedents), remanded by the Federal Circuit, that ratifying is inequitous as per the Defendant's having committed constitutional and statutory violations rending same void, and as per in addition, Defendant's having not notified me of my appeal rights so as to obtain review at all.
11. As a party (Plaintiff), I did no such thing as Judge Cook was told, was unaware of said allegations to Judge Cook, disagree entirely, and have continuously both before and after, been seeking the notice (charges, specifics) and rights-of-review notification so as to make "informed choice" of where to seek review, that all other federal employees routinely receive as a matter of course. My review-seeking filings are voluminous.
12. In August 1986, my then attorney sent me a letter on the basis of the case being open and not settled (Exhibit 1 with original Motion), and thereafter continued to identify the case as open.
13. I have never considered the issues "settled," issues of my being terminated, suspended, put on forced LWOP contrary to the agency regulation 600-5.14-28 and 29, terminated, removed, etc.. Agency terms vary as it issued no 30 days advance notice despite 5 USC § 7513.(b) mandating due process notice of charges and specificity.
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14. I have continually been seeking review to begin as done for others, e.g., to be allowed to "reply" as provided for by 5 USC § 7513.(b), as recently as in Dec 2002 (Exhibit 2 with original Motion); and to have processing begin on my EEO requests for review to commence administratively, pursuant to EEOC regulations, then 29 CFR § 1613, now 29 CFR § 1614. My review-seeking is not relitigating; rather, it is persistence that Defendant would otherwise commend, my trying to get the notice and review process to begin as done for others.
15. The inequitous Jan 1986 dismissal was another aspects in Defendant's pattern of fraud and reprisal, and worse, had the effect of ratifying actions by Defendant that are void and inequitous.
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff moves to
1. clarify and/or reconsider the 24 March 2003 Memorandum Opinion and Order;
2. reopen Civil Action No. 85-72998 before Judge Cook so fraudulently, inequitously dismissed;
3. deal with the constitutional and statutory violations, and equity aspects, i.e., make findings of fact, seriatim, on the process beginning stage, and on each of the constitutional and statutory violations as per the absence of notice at each step of the ouster process, the absence of forum notice, each voiding "informed choice," thus voiding each subsequent step;
4. make findings of fact on the changed legal circumstances; and
5. for other relief as the Court may determine.
| | Respectfully,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
3 April 2003 | | Leroy J. Pletten
| | Plaintiff
| | 8401 18 Mile Road #29
| | Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
| | (586) 739-8343 | | | | | | |
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Judge Cook, Julian, Jr.
Civil Action No. 85-72998
FILED 2003 APR 3 P 3:04
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF MOTION TO CLARIFY, AND/OR
RECONSIDER, AND/OR IN THE ALTERNATIVES TO REOPEN
| |
| 3 April 2003 | | Leroy J. Pletten
| | Plaintiff
| | 8401 18 Mile Road #29
| | Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
| | (586) 739-8343 | | | | |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents | | i
| |
| Table of Controlling Authorities | | ii
| |
| Statement of Facts | | 1
| |
| Argument | |
| | |
| I. [1] The Initial Circumstances Show Statutory Violations | | 3
| |
| II. [2] The Fraud on Court (Judge Cook) Warrants Reopening | | 4
| |
| III. [3] It Is No Longer Equitable That The Judgment Should Have
Prospective Application, While Other Employees Ousted Without
Due Process Notice of Charges Remain On The Rolls | | 5
| |
| IV. [4] It Is No Longer Equitable That The Judgment Should Have
Prospective Application, As Per MSPB "Accommodation" Cases
| | 7
| |
| V. [5] It Is No Longer Equitable That The Judgment Should Have
Prospective Application, Absent Condition Precedent (Notice
Of Charges and Specifics Enabling Reply)
| | 9
| |
| [VI. [6] It Is No Longer Equitable That The Judgment Should Have
Prospective Application As Per 5 USC § 552 Jurisdictional Bar
| | 10]
| |
| VI. [7] It Is No Longer Equitable That The Judgment Should Have
Prospective Application Where Defendant Denied Me "Informed
Choice" To Even Commence Review | | 13
| |
| VII. [8] It Is No Longer Equitable That The Judgment Should Have
Prospective Application Where There Has Been Intervening
Change in the Legal Atmosphere | | 15
[A. | 15]
[B. | 16]
[C. | 16]
[D. | 17]
| |
| VIII. [9] It Is No Longer Equitable That The Judgment Should Have
Prospective Application, In View of All These Facts and Precedents,
Re Which For Others The Government Does A Confession of Error
| | 18
| |
| Conclusion | | 19 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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TABLE OF CONTROLLING AUTHORITIES
Supreme Court Case Law | | | | |
| Aiken v Wisconsin, 195 US 194; 25 S Ct 3; 49 L Ed 154 (1904) | | 15 | |
| Albemarle Paper Co v Moody, 422 US 405, 432 n 30; 95 S Ct 2362; 45 L Ed 280 (1975) | | 11 | |
| Boilermakers v Hardeman, 401 US 233; 91 S Ct 609; 28 L Ed 2d 10, 21 (1971) | | 5 | |
| Bowen v City of New York, 476 US 467 (1986) | | 12 | |
| Camfield v U.S., 167 US 518; 17 S Ct 864; 42 L Ed 260 (1897) | | 8 | |
| Celotex Corp v Catrett, 477 US 317, 323; 106 S Ct 2548; 91 L Ed 2d 265 (1986) | | 10 | |
| Cleveland Bd. of Ed. v Loudermill, 470 US 532; 105 S.Ct. 1467, 64 L.Ed.2d 494 (1985) | | 7 | |
| Glus v Eastern District Terminal, 359 US 231; 79 S Ct 760; 3 L Ed 2d 770, 772 (1959) | | 14 | |
| Hazel-Atlas Glass Co v Hartford-Empire Co,
322 US 238; 64 S Ct 991, 88 L Ed 1250 (1944) | 5
| |
| Morton v Ruiz, 415 US 199; 94 S Ct 1055; 39 L Ed 270 (1974) | | 12 | |
| New Orleans v Texas & P Ry Co, 171 US 312; 18 S Ct 875 [14 L Ed 178] (1898) | | 10 | |
| SEC v Chenery, 332 US 194; 67 S Ct 1575; 91 L Ed 1995 (1947) | | 4, 6 | |
| Service v Dulles, 354 US 363; 77 S Ct 1152; 1 L Ed 2d 1403 (1957) | | 14 | |
| State of Missouri ex rel Gaines v Canada, 305 US 337; 59 S Ct 232; 83 L Ed 208 (1938) | | 9 | |
| Teamsters v U.S., 431 US 324; 97 S Ct 1843; 52 L Ed 2d 396 (1977) | | 7, 15 | |
| U.S. v Bausch & Lomb Optical Co, 321 US 707; 64 S Ct 805; 88 L Ed 1024 (1944) | | 4 | |
| Watkins v City of Memphis, 373 US 531; 83 S Ct 1314 (1963) | | 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Federal Laws | |
| | |
| 5 USC § 552 | | 11-12 | |
| [5 USC § 2302 | | 11] | |
| 5 USC § 7513 | | 2, 5, 10 | |
| 29 USC § 706(7)(B) | | 3 | |
| 42 USC § 2000e5(g)(5) | | 19 | | | | |
| Federal Rules of Civil Procedure | |
| | |
| Fed.R.Civ.P. 53 | | 19 | |
| Fed.R.Civ.P. 60 | | 1 | | | | |
| Federal Regulations | |
| | |
| [5 CFR § 752.404(f) | | 6] | |
| 29 CFR § 1607.5(b)(3) | | 3,
5,
11 | |
| 29 CFR § 1613/1614 | | 3,
5, 11
| |
| 32 CFR § 203 | | 16 | | | | |
| Michigan Laws | |
| | |
| MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216 | | 3, 11-12, 15 | |
| MCL § 750.213, MSA § 28.410 | | 3 | | | | |
| TACOM Regulations | |
| | |
| [TACOM-R 190-4 | | 3] | |
| TACOM-R 600-5.14-28 and 29 | | 2, 10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Judge Cook, Julian, Jr.
Civil Action No. 85-72998
FILED 2003 APR 3 P 3:04
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF MOTIONS TO CLARIFY, AND/OR
RECONSIDER, AND/OR IN THE ALTERNATIVES TO REOPEN
STATEMENT OF FACTS
Plaintiff Leroy J. Pletten moved, pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b), to reopen this specific Civil Action No. 85-72998. He moves to clarify or reconsider the 24 March 2003 Order received.
He is a whistleblower, citing noncompliance with existing laws that, if enforced, would aid in prevention of alcoholism, drugs, abortions, etc. Re freedom of expression, whistleblowers are subjected by agencies, to reprisal, fraud, abuse, crimes. Via its policy of not prosecuting crimes against whistleblowers, Dept of Justice consents, aids, abets. This situation is one of many in the documented anti-freedom-of-expression, anti-whistleblower government pattern (Exh. 9). Americans die as "natural and probable consequence" of the "universal malice" against whistleblowers.
Civil Action No. 85-72998 before Judge Cook arose on remand from the Federal Circuit, on appeal from 24 Oct 1984 decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board, 23 MSPR 682. Not until years later occurred Civil Case Mo. 88-72254 before Judge Taylor.
I am an employee of Defendant, at its Tank-Automotive Command (TACOM, Map, Exh. 14). My assigned building was No. 230, in southwest periphery. The Personnel Office of which I was one member had about 100 employees; each of us did our proportionate share, as no one of us could (contrary to [retroactive, outside-notice] TACOM claims about me servicing the whole place), handle, even see, the entire site.
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TACOM has not provided the notice of charges and specifics required by constitutional due process, and 5 USC § 7513.(b). Case law shows employee remains on the rolls (ouster is void).
Defendant said it fired me in 1982. Defendant deceived non-EEOC adjudicators by that late date claim. TACOM actually made the decision early 1980. EEOC's Henry Perez saw the termination at once (Exh 2). TACOM admission against interest of this early date, blatantly pre-5 USC § 7513.(b) notice, was delayed until AFTER feeling it, with DOJ aiding and abetting, beat me in court (Exh 6).
TACOM had not provided reasons for the ouster, nor requested specifics, thus obstructed me from replying, did not notify me of all forum review rights (Exh 10, again, a long delayed admission against interest), nor allow administrative review access such as other federal employees are routinely provide as a matter of course, despite my decades of requesting same. (At one point, I recall allegation of having made some 2000 requests for review. Army, Exh 10, does NOT say it processed any!)
This Civil Action No. 85-72998 at issue, was dismissed 30 Jan 1986 (Challenger-astronaut-death-era due to whistleblower fear of reprisal if too aggressive for safety). Dismissal was on the fraudulent basis of "the parties" (no specific names cited) having "advised the Court" (Judge Cook, not Judge Taylor), the "issues have been settled. . . ."
As a party, Pletten did no such thing, was unaware of said allegation, disagrees entirely, and has repeatedly both before and after, been seeking the advance notice and specifics needed to reply, and the notice of forum-rights-review process. Each of these any non-whistleblower employee would routinely have received as a matter of course.
I never considered the issues "settled," issues of being terminated, suspended, put on forced LWOP contrary to TACOM Regulation 600-5.14-28 and 29 (Exh. 1), terminated, removed. Agency terms vary as it issued no 5 USC § 7513.(b) 30 days advance notice of charges and specifics. I have repeatedly been seeking to be allowed to reply as Constitutional due process provisos and 5 USC §
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7513.(b) provide, to RTD as recently as December 2002; and to have processing begin on my EEO requests for review to commence, pursuant to the then EEO regulation 29 CFR § 1613, now 29 CFR § 1614. (Note "uninformed choice" ab initio, as Defendant did not provide me notice of forum choice rights. Defendant only claims citing part of my rights, (Exh. 10.) 1980's, fixes already were in, Exh 13.
DOJ attorneys representing Defendant know their DOJ human resources staff know that no employee can legally be ousted as I was, nor denied notice of review rights. DOJ does not deny its own employees their rights. Jeffrey Collins would follow the rules if firing one of his civil service employees. Were DOJ treating me like others, it would be arguing for me, even noting, as per EEOC's finding on non-processing of my pleas for review, Exh 3, that extortioners refuse "to process grievances." U. S. v Russo, 708 F2d 209, 212 (CA 6, 1983). These are equity considerations.
ARGUMENT
I. [1] THE INITIAL CIRCUMSTANCES SHOW STATUTORY VIOLATIONS.
This situation began
by Defendant hiring dangerous drug addicts, in violation of 29 USC § 706(7)(B) principles against hiring them when they "constitute a direct threat to property or the safety of others."
And by ousting anti-drug smuggling whistleblowers, cited by Jonathan Kwitny, The Crimes of Patriots: A True Tale of Dope, Dirty Money, and the CIA (NY: Norton, 1987), pp 51-52.
Ed. Note: And see the series, “Buried Secrets, Brutal Truths” (Toledo Blade, 10 October 2003), e.g.,
“Rogue G.I.'s Unleashed Wave of Terror in Central Highlands" (22 Oct 2003). The “only soldier officially punished was a sergeant who reported the decapitation of an infant to his superiors.”—Phillip Galley, “My Lai not the only atrocity in Vietnam,” The Macomb Daily, p 9A (17 November 2003).
The “Report on Brutal Vietnam Campaign Stirs Memories,” by John Kifner (New York Times,
28 Dec 2003), says that the atrocities were not by a “'rogue' unit.” No, the troops “were under orders to do it.”
“Nicholas Turse, a doctoral candidate at Columbia University, has been studying government archives and said they were filled with accounts of similar atrocities.
“I stumbled across the incidents The Blade reported,” Mr. Turse said by telephone. “I read through that case a year, year and a half ago, and it really didn't stand out. There was nothing that made it stand out from anything else. That's the scary thing. It was just one of hundreds.”
This is yet another example of the results of the rampant reprisals and terror against whistleblowers, deterring timely action by would-be whistleblowers too intimidated to speak up. |
And by cigarette smuggling into TACOM in violation of MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216 (banning deleterious cigarettes from Michigan), and TACOM's own TACOM-R 190-4, banning drugs and discouraging personal property being brought on-post.
And by extortion (violating MCL § 750.213) that I alter anticipated testimony, cease and desist exposing a natural and probable consequence of cigarette smuggling, a contaminated environment. (Exh. 4, lines 23-25). Change testimony, or have pay embezzled and become destituted: that was the choice.
"One cardinal principle must be borne in mind, that any element of illegality essential to a scheme or combination makes the whole illegal." Newton Co v Erickson, 70 Misc 291, 298; 126 NYS 949, 954 (1911).
It is inequitable to continue prospectively not "eradicating the evils" affecting me:
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"[W]here a [smuggling] distribution system exists . . . which is illegal . . . where that illegality necessarily persists in part . . . subsequent [actions], otherwise valid, should be cancelled, along with the invalid arrangements, in order that the ground may be cleansed effectually from the vice of the former illegality. Equity has power to eradicate the evils of a condemned scheme by prohibition of the use of admittedly valid parts of an invalid whole." U.S. v Bausch & Lomb Optical Co, 321 US 707, 724; 64 S Ct 805; 88 L Ed 1024 (1944) (numerous citations omitted).
II. [2] THE FRAUD ON COURT (JUDGE COOK) WARRANTS REOPENING
This specific Civil Action No. 85-72998 was dismissed 30 Jan 1986 due to "the parties" allegedly having "advised the Court" the "issues have been settled. . . ." Courts speak through their orders, here based on agency input. As Judge Cook was recipient of the false claims, he is aware of the facts. No other basis than recorded is judicially acceptable, SEC v Chenery, 332 US 194; 67 S Ct 1575; 91 L Ed 1995 (1947) ("judge the propriety of action solely by the grounds invoked"; not by "counsel's post hoc rationalizations"; but only by what is "given"). And what is stated is clearly wrong, has inequitous result, and meet the five elements that constitute fraud upon the court, conduct:
(1) on the part of an officer of the court, (2) directed to the 'judicial machinery' itself, (3) that is intentionally false, willfully blind to the truth, or in reckless disregard for the truth, (4) that is a positive averment or is concealment when one is under a duty to disclose, and (5) deceives the court. Workman v Bell, 245 F3d 849, 852 (CA 6, 2001).
Defendant is a federal agency, not a human, so could only have been spoken for by a DOJ attorney, officer of the court, invoking (1) above; my then attorney too was an "officer of the court."
Re (2) and (5), the result was deceiving Judge Cook, so "the judicial machinery [here, J. Cook] can [did] not perform in the usual manner its impartial task of adjudging cases that are presented for adjudication." In re Intermagnetics America, Inc, 926 F2d 912, 917 (CA 9, 1991).
Re (3): "As a party, Pletten did no such thing, was unaware of said allegation, disagrees entirely, and has repeatedly both before and after, been seeking the advance notice and specifics needed to reply, and the notice of forum-rights-review process. Each of these any non-whistleblower employee would routinely have received as a matter of course. I never considered the issues "settled," issues of being terminated, suspended, put on forced LWOP contrary to TACOM Regulation 600-5.4-28 and 29 (Exh. 1), terminated,
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removed. Agency terms vary as it issued no 5 USC § 7513.(b) 30 days advance notice of charges and specifics. I have repeatedly been seeking to be allowed to reply as Constitutional due process provisos and 5 USC § 7513.(b) provide, to RTD as recently as December 2002; and to have processing begin on my EEO requests for review to commence, pursuant to the then EEO regulation 29 CFR § 1613, now 29 CFR § 1614. (Note "uninformed choice" ab initio as Defendant did not provide me notice of forum choice rights. . . ." (Quoted from pp 2-3 above).
Re (4), the words cited by Judge Cook show "positive averments" and "concealment" of my position as a party, contrary to “duty to disclose” the reality. When officers of the court know of a significant violation, e.g., fraud, they “shall inform” proper authority. M.R.P.C. 8.3(a). Here, “members of the bar have knowingly participated in the fraud,” Hazel-Atlas Glass Co v Hartford-Empire Co, 322 US 238; 64 S Ct 991, 88 L Ed 1250 (1944). Such
“tampering with the administration of justice in the manner indisputably shown here involves far more than an injury to a single litigant. It is a wrong against the institutions set up to protect and safeguard the public.” Hazel-Atlas Glass Co, 322 US 246.
“A tortfeasor has a duty to assist his victim. The initial injury creates a duty of aid and the breach of the duty is an independent tort. See Restatement (Second) of Torts, § 322, Comment c (1965).” Taylor v Meirick, 712 F2d 1112, 1117 (CA 7, 1983).
The fraud perpetrators are in essence tortfeasors. I am the victim. Please tell them to assist me.
III. [3] IT IS NO LONGER EQUITABLE THAT THE JUDGMENT SHOULD HAVE
PROSPECTIVE APPLICATION, WHILE OTHER EMPLOYEES OUSTED
WITHOUT DUE PROCESS NOTICE OF CHARGES REMAIN ON THE ROLLS.
Due process includes the right to notice, and to reply, prior to decision. Even slaves had a right to proper notice of charges! Josephine, a slave v State of Mississippi, 39 Miss (10 Geo) 613, 647 (1861): The right to a properly drafted statement of charges is “a substantial right . . . and not a mere question of form or proceeding.” Like slaves, whistleblowers do have due process rights.
It is undisputed that Defendant did not issue a
"statement or citation of the written regulations . . . said to have been violated [and] a detailed statement of the facts," Boilermakers v Hardeman, 401 US 233, 245; 91 S Ct 609, 617; 28 L Ed 2d 10, 21 (1971).
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This is so despite Congress, to protect the public by precluding agencies from doing unjust, discriminatory, unreasoned, or reprisal terminations of employees, having required agencies to state in writing the basis for even proposing an ouster 30 days in advance. 5 USC § 7513.(b). A notice must:
(a) comply with 5 CFR 752.404(f) by stating all reasons including ex parte contacts. Sullivan v Navy, 720 F2d 1266, 1273-4 (CA Fed, 1983); Chenery, supra, 332 US 194 ("judge the propriety of action solely by the grounds invoked");
(b) say more than conclusion, Mulligan v Andrews, 93 US App DC 375, 377; 211 F2d 28, 30 (1954);
(c) enable more than "general denials," Deak v Pace, 88 US App DC 50, 52; 185 F2d 997, 999 (1950);
(d) list witnesses and say "the names . . . places . . . dates" of alleged acts, Money v Anderson, 93 US App DC 130, 134; 208 F2d 34, 38 (1953). Examples include being:
(i) "lengthy and detailed," Baughman v Green, 97 US App DC 150; 229 F2d 331 (1956);
(ii) "numerous examples of specific errors," Long v Air Force, 683 F2d 301 (CA 9, 1982);
(iii) "item by item," Mandel v Nouse, 509 F2d 1031, 1032 (CA 6) cert den 422 US 1008; 95 S Ct 2630; 45 L Ed 2d 671 (1975). Defendant here did none of this.
Pursuant to Smith v Dept of Interior, 9 MSPR 342, 344 (1981), agency must provide
"specific examples" of "alleged performance deficiencies" "to meet the 'specificity' test" as "[a] notice of proposed adverse action is required to be specific enough so that the employee is presented with sufficient information to enable him or her to make an 'informed reply.' S. Rep. No. 95-969, 95th Cong., 2d Sess. 50 (1978), U.S. Code Cong. & Admin. News 1978, p 2723, Report of the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs."
Defendant provided me no such specificity, thus precluded me replying. As a matter of equity, note the long line of case law, e.g., Hart v U.S., 148 Ct Cl 10, 16-17; 284 F2d 682, 686-687 (1960); Smith v Dept of Interior, 9 MSPR 342 (1981); Heikken v D.O.T., 18 MSPR 439 (1983); Van Skiver
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v Postal Service, 25 MSPR 66 (1984); Woodall v FERC, 28 MSPR 192 (1985); Miyai v D.O.T., 32 MSPR 15, 20 (1986); Cleveland Bd of Ed v Loudermill, 470 US 532; 105 S Ct 1467; 64 L Ed.2d 494 (1985); Thomas v General Svcs Admin, 756 F2d 86, 89-90 (CA Fed, 1985); Mercer v Dept. of Health & Human Svcs, 772 F2d 856 (CA Fed, 1985); Pittman v Army and MSPB, 832 F2d 598 (CA Fed, 1987); Childers v Air Force, 36 MSPR 486 (1988); Bivens v Dept of Navy, 38 MSPR 67 (1988); and Brown v Dept of Navy, 49 MSPR 277 (1991).
Ed. Note: See similar Comptroller decisions, e.g., 38 Comp Gen 203; 39 Comp Gen 154; and 41 Comp Gen 774, cited in FPM Supp 752-1, S1-6c(4)(c) - (d) (4 Feb 1972). |
The bottom line is, nobody ousted without 5 USC § 7513.(b) notice fails to win! The reason for exception here—the pattern of "universal malice" reprisals against whistleblowers (Exh. 9).
"The proof of the pattern or practice [of reprisal against whistleblowers] supports an inference that any particular decision [to commit anti-whistleblower action], during the period in which the policy was in force, was made in pursuit of that policy. Teamsters v U.S., 431 US 324, 362; 97 S Ct 1843, 1868; 52 L Ed 2d 396, 431 (1977).
As a matter of equity, please help. It is not equitable to prospectively continue my status as not on the rolls, when all others' precedents show otherwise: that a non-whistleblower employee fired without notice remains "on the rolls."
IV. [4] IT IS NO LONGER EQUITABLE THAT THE JUDGMENT SHOULD
HAVE PROSPECTIVE APPLICATION, AS PER MSPB "ACCOMMODATION" CASES.
Actual issues were no notice, due process, specifics, charges, right to reply, review forum-rights-access like others, violation of laws and agency rules, etc. Contrary to EEOC analyses, Exhs. 2 and 3; overriding TACOM's forced leave ban, Exh. 1; ignoring the fact TACOM had not distinguished whether its action was "removal" (ouster for employee misconduct) or "termination" (ouster for other reasons) (Exh 10); and condoning the extortion, Exh. 4—MSPB insisted on the issue of "accommodation." (Examining doctor would deny need, Exhs 7-8.) But even MSPB admits "accommodation" issues are not the case-in-chief, but "affirmative defense," to an advance notice, Bolling v Navy, 43 MSPR 668, 671 (1990), and Brown v Postal Service, 47 MSPR 50, 59 (1991).
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Here was no "advance notice" to which I could reply, much less, present such a bizarre defense. I had excellent performance, attendance, conduct, awards, recognition, better than others.
Defendant [Army] had not applied any discharge criteria, neither private enterprise seven point criteria of Grief Bros Coop Corp, 42 Lab Arb (BNA) 555 (1964), Combustion Engineering, Inc, 42 Lab Arb (BNA) 806 (1964); twelve point civil service criteria of Douglas v Vet. Adm., 5 MSPR 280, 305-306 (1981); nor the five-point criteria of Yorkshire v MSPB, 746 F2d 1454, 1456 (CA Fed, 1984).
Ed. Note: Nature of These Criteria:
From 42 Lab Arb 555 and 806
(1) Forewarning employee of possible consequences of conduct.
(2) The allegedly violated rule or order must be reasonably related to orderly, efficient, and safe operations.
(3) Before administering discipline, employer is to investigate whether employee did, in fact, violate or disobey the rule or order.
(4) Employer investigation must be conducted fairly and objectively.
(5) In investigation, employer must obtain sufficient evidence or proof that employee was guilty as charged.
(6) Employer must apply its rules, orders, and penaltles evenhandedly and without discrimmation.
(7) Degree of discipline must be reasonably related to seriousness of offense and employee's record?
"'No' answer to one or more normally signifies that just and proper cause did not exist."
Ed. Note: From 5 MSPR 280, 305-306
(1) Nature and seriousness of the offense, and its relation to the employee's duties, position, and responsibilities, including whether the offense was intentional or technical or inadvertent, or was committed maliciousiy or for gain, or was frequently repeated.
(2) Employee's job level and type of employment, including supervisory or fiduciary role, contacts with the public, and prominence of the position.
(3) Employee's past disciplinary record.
(4) Employee's past work record, including length of service, performance on the job, ability to get along with fellow workers, and dependability.
(5) Effect of the offense upon the employee's ability to perform at a satisfactory level and its effect upon supervisors' confidence in the employee's ability to perform assigned duties.
(6) Consistency of the penalty with those imposed upon other employees for the same or similar offenses.
(7) Consistency of the penalty with any applicable agency table of penalties.
(8) Notoriety of the offense or its impact upon the reputation of the agency.
(9) Clarity with which the employee was on notice of any rules violated in committing the offense, or had been warned about the conduct in question.
(10) Potential for the employee's rehabilitation.
(11) Mitigating circumstances surrounding the offense such as unusual job tensions, personality problems, mental impairment, harassment, or bad faith, malice or provocation on the part of others involved in the matter.
(12) Adequacy and effectiveness of alternative sanctions to deter such conduct in the future by the employee or others.
References: 5 C.F.R. § 731.202(c); Federal Personnel Manual, ch. 751, subch. 1-2 Dec. 21, 1976); CSC Board of Appeals and Review, Memorandum No. 2; Francisco v Campbell, 625 F2d 266, 269-70 (CA 9, 1980); Howard v U.S., Civ. LV-77-219 RDF (D Nev, 3 July 1980) (Mem. Order at 9); Giles v U.S., 213 Ct Cl 602; 553 F2d 647, 650-51 602 (1977); Boyce v U.S., 211 Ct Cl 57; 543 F2d 1290, 1294 (1976); Tucker v U.S., 224 Ct Cl 266; 624 F2d 1029, 1034 (1980); Byrd v Campbell, 591 F2d 326, 331 (CA 5, 1979); Clark v U.S., 162 Ct Cl 477, 485 (1963).
Ed. Note: From 746 F2d 1454
(1) Where the agency engaged in a "prohibited personnel practice" (5 § 7701(g)(l)).
(2) Where the agency's action was "clearly without merit" (5 § 7701(g)(l)), or was "wholly unfounded," or the employee is "substantially innocent" of the charges brought by the agency.
(3) Where the agency initiated the action against the employee in "bad faith," including:
a. Where the agency's action was brought to "harass" the employee; b. Where the agency's action was brought to "exert improper pressure on the employee to act in certain ways."
4. Where the agency committed a "gross procedural error" which "prolonged the proceeding" or "severely prejudiced" the employee.
5. Where the agency "knew or should have known that it would not prevail on the merits" when it brought the proceeding. |
Of course not, I was out-performing co-workers; no "accommodation" is needed for superior performers! And that concept is NOT a concept to condone the contaminated air result of cigarette smuggling violating MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, the issue re which the extortion occurred (Exh. 4).
The recent case of Reilly v Grayson, 157 F Supp 2d 762 (ED MI, 2001) aff'd 2002 FED App 0397P; 310 F3d 519 (CA 6, 2002), confirms the issue was never accommodation, but uncontaminated air, a by-product of the deleterious cigarette manufacturing and sales ban MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216. The court analysis parallels to my situation:
"This was a case that did not have to be. The record in this case covers more than five years [mine, 23] of activity, from filing to decision after trial . . . Early on in the case, had Grayson, Daniels, or Cross, or better yet, one of their lawyers, taken a moment to reflect on what was going on, and simply taken steps to transfer Reilly out of Parnell (or at least given him the clear opportunity to reject a transfer), the result likely would have been much different. Instead, Grayson, Daniels, and Cross, or perhaps their lawyers, were determined to mount a Stalingrad-like defense, ignoring the allegation of the complaint, as well as the view of the magistrate judge. In contrast, Bolden, when alerted to issues in the case, immediately saw what needed to be done to resolve Reilly's situation and ordered him transferred out of Parnell." Reilly, 310 F3d 519 [157 F Supp 2d 762, 774].
It is not equitable that the Constitution's Eight Amendment (no cruel and unusual punishments) should be invoked for prisoners, while leaving my punishment in place prospectively, due to TACOM's hostility to Dept of Defense pure air policy, 32 CFR § 203. TACOM felt DOD was "unreasonable," treating workers as good as prisoners.
Ed. Note: See similar principle in Stack v Boyle, 342 US 1; 72 S Ct 1; 96 L Ed 3 (1951) ("traditional right to freedom before conviction permits the unhampered preparation of a defense, and serves to prevent the infliction of punishment prior to conviction," in bail context. Here, by doing the punishment first, ability to defend is hampered, by income and credibility loss.). |
DOD's [pure air] policy [32 CFR § 203] tracks to precedents such as Camfield v United States, 167 US 518, 522-523; 17 S Ct 864; 42 L Ed 260 (1897), which says:
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"There is no doubt of the general proposition that a man may do what he will with his own, but this right is subordinate to another, which finds expression in the familiar maxim, 'Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas.' His right to erect what he pleases upon his own land will not justify him in maintaining a nuisance, or in carrying on a business or trade that is offensive to his neighbors. Ever since Aldred's Case, 9 Coke, 48 [1610], it has been the settled law, both of this country and of England, that a man has no right to maintain a structure upon his own land, which, by reason of disgusting smells, loud or unusual noises, thick smoke, noxious vapors, the jarring of machinery, or the unwarrantable collection of flies, renders the occupancy of adjoining property dangerous, intolerable, or even uncomfortable to its tenants."
This rights concept in turn goes back to cases such as Rex v White and Ward, 1 Burr 333 (KB, 1757) and Rex v Neil, 2 Carr & Payne 485 (Eng, 1826) ("It is not necessary that a public nuisance should be injurious to health; if there be smells offensive to the senses, that is enough, as the neighborhood has a right to fresh and pure air"), and just before DOD's Aug 1977 32 CFR 203, Shimp v N J Bell Tele Co, 145 N J Super 516; 368 A2d 408 (1976).
[Ed. Note: These precedents parallel Michigan's, e.g., Trowbridge v City of Lansing, 237 Mich 402, 405; 212 NW 73, 74; 50 ALR 1014 (4 Feb 1927) (“the garbage itself . . . is a nuisance per se. It is malodorous, and the quality is persistent.”) [Tobacco smoke is smokers' garbage, i.e., what they are emitting, throwing away, and lingering in the ambient air]; and Albaugh v Abbott, 253 Mich 588, 592; 235 NW 263, 264 (27 Feb 1931) (“Garbage is a nuisance per se.” That judge, unlike here, inspected on-site.) |
It is not equitable for TACOM, Courts, Dept of Justice, and much of the U.S. to now be having this right, while continuing prospectively the claim that for me alone, it cannot be done; leave me fired for having blown the whistle on TACOM's defiance of DOD's 32 CFR § 203, etc.
Rights are present rights, for the here and now. The legal answer is not, as Defendant gave, 'if you don't like it here, get out.' Rights are for where we are, to be enforced and obeyed here. State of Missouri ex rel Gaines v Canada, 305 US 337; 59 S Ct 232; 83 L Ed 208 (1938); and Watkins v City of Memphis, 373 US 531; 83 S Ct 1314 (1963). Likewise say Alfred W. Blumrosen, et al., "Injunctions Against Occupational Hazards: The Right to Work Under Safe Conditions," 64 Calif Law Rev (#3) 702-731 (May 1976) (the right to safety is where you are, not elsewhere).
V. [5] IT IS NO LONGER EQUITABLE THAT THE JUDGMENT SHOULD HAVE
PROSPECTIVE APPLICATION ABSENT CONDITION PRECEDENT (NOTICE OF
CHARGES AND SPECIFICS ENABLING REPLY).
Sullivan, 720 F2d 1274, supra, is significant. Until notice, an allegedly fired employee remains an employee; the firing is constitutional violation; statutory violation; void. Similarly, spouses remain
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married until proper divorce papers occur. Siemering v Siemering, 95 Wis 2d 111, 115; 288 NW2d 881, 883 (Wis App, 1980). The "condition precedent not having been met, the action was never commenced." Thus it cannot be, or remain, ratified by Court. Until the "condition precedent" for change (re federal employees, proper notice) is met, the status quo ante (employment, as marriage) remains in full force and effect. Please apply this doctrine. I look forward to returning, and do personnel and crime prevention functions in interim, preparatory to such return..
The "condition precedent" concept (one event MUST precede another to preclude voidness of the subsequent event) is well-established, traceable back at least to New Orleans v Texas & P Ry Co, 171 US 312; 18 S Ct 875, 883 [14 L Ed 178] (1898); and is adhered to for everyone except whistleblower, e.g., Basinger v OPM, 5 MSPB 210 (1981) (action "cannot be effected if there is a lack of compliance with departmental regulations" [here, TACOM-R 600-5.14-28 and 29 banning forced leave (Exh. 1); and of course, Constitution and laws such as the 30 days notice law, 5 USC § 7513.(b).]). (The leave ban rule had been adopted to prevent just such situations as mine; a female employee had been put on forced leave against her will due to her medical condition [pregnancy]. TACOM wrote the rule to expressly bar forced leaves, then almost immediately violated the rule in my case!)
Absent notice, absent agency obeying own rules, ouster is void, and cannot be ratified, as per the definition of "void," Black's Law Dictionary (6th ed, 1990), p 1573. These facts are controlling facts; each "necessarily renders all of the other facts immaterial." Celotex Corp v Catrett, 477 US 317, 323; 106 S Ct 2548; 91 L Ed 2d 265 (1986). It is inequitable to continue my punishment prospectively.
VI. [6] IT IS NO LONGER EQUITABLE THAT THE JUDGMENT SHOULD HAVE
PROSPECTIVE APPLICATION AS PER 5 USC § 552 JURISDICTIONAL BAR.
The fix being in, preventing me EEOC review (Exhs 10 and 13), to force me to MSPB and Court, Defendant could there twist focus off my issues. The claim instead became deleterious cigarette smoke, treated as an uncontrollable Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ) requirement; and that I don't meet that qualification requirement! Even if the claim were true (it is not; the whole claim is a fraud; the federal job qualifications-writing agency denies it, Exh. 5). And "the job requirements
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and qualifications [of my job description, shared with others] had never been formally changed,” Sabol v Snyder, 524 F2d 1009, 1011 (1975). Once review begins (closed to me since Feb 1980, Exh 3), once it does “examine the position descriptions,” look for “legitimate job requirements,” Coleman v Darden, 595 F2d 533 (1979), Stalkfleet v Postal Svc, 6 MSPB 536, 541 (1981), it will find tobacco smoke is not, never was, “in the requirements for any position.” Defendant using a non-existent BFOQ violates 5 USC § 2302(b)(6). Recall the qualifications writing agency (OPM) denial, Exh. 5. OPM is the same agency doing the study (www.fhcs.opm.gov) finding foreseeable high employee quit rate due to poor management. In such environment, it is inequitable to ratify poor management, prospectively disqualify me on a non-existing BFOQ. Using real BFOQ's is a basic civil rights principle.
Significantly, no such requirement is published. Publication, notice, is jurisdictional. 5 USC § 552.(a)(1). This law is followed for others, not me, (Exh 5). (I asked OPM under FOIA preparatory to 29 CFR § 1613 case review beginning. (EEOC had called attention to TACOM refusing me such civil-rights-expertise-agency review, Exh. 3.) The fix was in to obstruct me getting such review by EEOC staff like others receive it, Exh. 13. EEOC would enforce BFOQ law. MSPB would not, for me.
Defendant [Army] fabricated the BFOQ issue from smoker preferences. Same are a banned preference as per Michigan's cigarette ban, MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, and basic civil service and civil rights law, Knotts v U.S., 128 Ct Cl 489; 121 F Supp 630 (1954), and Diaz v Pan Am Airways, Inc., 442 F2d 385 cert den 404 US 950 (1971). Personal preferences lack legal standing as BFOQs.
Any claim tobacco smoke is a BFOQ “suffers from a further inadequacy in that it failed to comply with 29 C.F.R. § 1607.5(b)(3), which requires that criteria used to predict job performance “must represent major or critical work behaviors as revealed by careful job analysis.” Albemarle Paper Co v Moody, 422 US 405, 432 n 30; 95 S Ct 2362; 45 L Ed 280 (1975); U.S. v Chicago, 549 F2d 415, 431 (CA 7, 1970). At 432, “Job-relatedness can only be determined where the criteria for selection
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are clearly identified.” Defendant did no job analysis.
BFOQ's must be applied across the board, not to one person (me, in disparate treatment). BFOQ's must be stated in advance, not fabricated retroactively, i.e., must be pre-listed in hiring and medical forms, tests, be actually required for the job, checked for in background investigations, etc. The process is described in case law, e.g., U.S. v City of Chicago, 549 F2d 415, 429-434 (CA 7, 1977). There are minimal medical requirements for personnel work, due to the nature of the desk job. Those few are limited to use of fingers, rapid mental and muscular coordination, near and far and color vision, hearing, clear speech, and mental and emotional stability. All of them Defendant's own Dr. Francis Holt certified I meet. Review by EEOC civil rights staff will show such facts in minutes. No wonder Defendant denies me such review, Exh 3; favors what is known to happen, fixing,
Exh. 13. EEOC staff would see that in Michigan especially, smoking is not a BFOQ. Deleterious cigarettes are illegal pursuant to law MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216. Far from finding deleterious cigarette smoke a BFOQ, EEOC would find it is result of illegal smuggling.
5 USC § 552.(a)(l)(C) - (D) makes publication of a qualification requirement "jurisdictional," Hotch v U.S., 212 F2d 280 (1954); Bowen v City of New York, 476 US 467; 106 S Ct 2022; 90 L Ed 2d 462 (1986). Please take judicial notice that no federal employee has ever, but me, been accused of having a ‘‘presence of tobacco smoke'' qualification requirement. Accused without the reply to reply, as per Defendant not providing me a notice of charges, specifics, to which to reply.
Others have had actions taken against them canceled when there was no notice of a qualification requirement or other rule. Morton v Ruiz, 415 US 199, 231; 94 S Ct 1055, 1072; 39 L Ed 2d 270 (1974); W. G. Cosby Transfer & Storage Corp v Dept of Army, 480 F2d 498, 503 (CA 4, 1973) (Army has done this violation before); Onweiler v U.S., 432 F Supp 1226, 1229 (D ID, 1977); Berends v Butz, 357 F Supp 143, 154-158 (D Minn, 1973); Anderson v Butz, 550 F2d 459 (CA 9,
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1977); Dean v Butz, 428 F Supp 477, 480 (D HAW, 28 Feb 1977); St. Elizabeth Hospital v U.S., 558 F2d 8, 13-14 (CA 9, 1977); Aiken v Obledo, 442 F Supp 628, 654 (D ED Cal, 1977); Historic Green Springs, Inc v Bergland, 497 F Supp 839, 854-857 (D ED Va, 1980); Vigil v Andrus, 667 F2d 931, 936-939 (CA 10, 1982). Others similarly situated are not treated like me, an inequity.
Defendant disqualifying me on a non-BFOQ, on same job description as co-workers, is inconsistent, needs explanation, Garrett v F.C.C., 168 US App DC 266; 513 F2d 1056 (1975); Marco Sales Co v F.T.C., 453 F2d 1, 7 (CA 2, 1971); Yorkshire v MSPB, 746 F2d 1454 (CA Fed, 1984). Please take judicial notice that no tobacco qualification "requirement" exists for anyone. The story was invented purely ad hoc, invented solely for me, with concurrence via the fix process described in Exh 13, here, with MSPB. (DOJ aids and abets). EEOC would reject Defendant's story, hence, the fix deal was, to not allow me EEOC review, obstruct that up-front, Feb 1980, Exh 3.
Quod ab initio non valet in tractu temporis non convalescet." That which is bad in its commencement improves not by lapse of time. Quod initio non valet, tractu temporis non valet. A thing void in the beginning does not become valid by lapse of time.—Black's Law Dictionary (5th ed, 1979), pp 1126-1127.
I repeatedly return to duty as per Bevan v N Y St T R System, 74 Misc 2d 443; 345 NYS 2d 921 (1973) (case of employee also falsely accused of not meeting non-existent qualification requirement!).
As this is a jurisdictional issue. Federal subject matter jurisdiction presents an issue which may be raised by a party or court at any time. Enrich v Touche Ross & Co., 846 F2d 1190 (CA 9,1988); Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3). It is not equitable to ratify an agency ultra vires act outside jurisdiction.
Ed. Note: A challenge to subject matter jurisdiction may be made at any time, even after disposition, and even collaterally. Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(h) and 60(b)(4). Taubman Co v Webfeats, 319 F3d 770, 773 (CA 6, 7 Feb 2003). |
VI. [7] IT IS NO LONGER EQUITABLE THAT THE JUDGMENT SHOULD HAVE
PROSPECTIVE APPLICATION WHERE DEFENDANT DENIED ME 'INFORMED
CHOICE" TO EVEN COMMENCE REVIEW.
Defendant undisputedly cut me off from EEOC review, Feb 1980, Exh 3, at the time of the ouster, Exh 6. Further, Defendant gave no notice of full rights, Exh 10, much less, of how to proceed under such a severe restraint (denial of access to an entire review forum), then to present, hence, I have
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never had "informed choice" since then. This is so despite the requirement to provide such data, not just as a matter of human dignity, but as per due process and case law, e.g., Scharf v Air Force, 710 F2d 1572 (CA Fed, 1983). Indeed, even were the agency to claim I chose some "forum" anyway, thereafter, that was not my "first action," hence depriving any reviewer thereafter of jurisdiction, Carreno v Dept of Army, 22 MSPR 515, 518 (1984). There certainly is no "jurisdiction" for such egregious departure from published regulations as here! neither notice of rights nor allowance of the "forum" chosen! So this is also jurisdictional, § VI. case law incorporated here by reference.
Johnson v Dept of Labor, 26 MSPR 447, 449 (1985) says agency must "afford appellant proper notice of her potential avenues of redress"; without that, "even appellant's action in filing an appeal to the Board did not constitute an informed election." Here, without notice of rights, going to both MSPB and Court itself were without free and "informed choice"—Quod ab initio non valet in tractu temporis non convalescet, Black's Law Dict., supra. The Johnson case arose in context of construing what employee choice of redress came first, under 5 USC § 7121(d), which provides in pertinent part:
"An employee shall be deemed to have exercised his option under this subsection to raise the matter under either a statutory procedure or the negotiated procedure at such time as the employee timely initiates an action under the applicable statutory procedure or timely files a grievance in writing, in accordance with the parties' negotiated procedure, whichever event occurs first."
No choice except a void one can occur until after being notified by the agency of what the choices are. Here is yet another Defendant statutory violation, indeed series of time as per multiple incidents.
Indeed, in equity, a party cannot violate rules, then expect court to support it! See, e.g., Service v Dulles, 354 US 363; 77 S Ct 1152; 1 L Ed 2d 1403 (1957), and Glus v Eastern Dist Terminal, 359 US 231, 232; 79 S Ct 760, 762; 3 L Ed 2d 770, 772 (1959), B.T.C. v Norton C.M.C., 25 F Supp 968, 969 ([DWD Ky] 1938). "No one may take advantage of his own wrong," Stephenson v Golden, 279 Mich 710, 737; 276 NW 848 (1938).
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"One cardinal principle must be borne in mind, that any element of illegality essential to a scheme or combination makes the whole illegal." Newton Co v Erickson, 70 Misc 291, 298; 126 NYS 949, 954 (1911).
"No conduct has such an absolute privilege as to justify all possible schemes of which it may be a part. The most innocent and constitutionally protected of acts or omissions may be made a step in a criminal plot, and if it is a step in a plot, neither its innocence nor the Constitution is sufficient to prevent the punishment of the plot by law." Aiken v Wisconsin, 195 US 194, 205-206; 25 S Ct 3, 6; 49 L Ed 154, 159 (1904).
"The proof of the pattern or practice [Exh 9, of reprisal against whistleblowers] supports an inference that any particular decision [to commit same], during the period in which the policy was in force, was made in pursuit of that policy. Teamsters v U.S., 431 US 324, 362; 97 S Ct 1843, 1868; 52 L Ed 2d 396, 431 (1977).
Here are so many violations it is a burden to list all, inequitable to ratify them prospectively.
VII [8]. IT IS NO LONGER EQUITABLE THAT THE JUDGMENT SHOULD HAVE
PROSPECTIVE APPLICATION WHERE THERE HAS BEEN INTERVENING
CHANGE IN THE LEGAL ATMOSPHERE.
There has now been "intervening change in the legal atmosphere that it renders the bar of collateral estoppel [prior decision] inapplicable in this case," a concept from Texaco Inc v U.S., 217 Ct Cl 416; 579 F2d 614 (1978), cited in Wilson v Turnage, 791 F2d 157 (CA Fed, 1986), a federal employee case.
A. Dept of Justice cites significant fraud in its anti-tobacco lawsuit, US v Philip Morris, Inc. et al., CA 99-2496 (GK) (22 Sep 1999) www.usdoj.gov/civil/cases/tobacco2/complain.pdf and www.usdoj.gov/civil/cases/tobacco2/appendix.pdf, re illegal selling practices. Had there been no illegal selling, not just here violating Michigan's MCL § 750.27, MSA § 28.216, but also nationally, there would have been no contaminated air situation re which the extortion occurred, Exh 4.
Quod ab initio non valet in tractu temporis non convalescet." That which is bad in its commencement improves not by lapse of time. Quod initio non valet, tractu temporis non valet. A thing void in the beginning does not become valid by lapse of time.—Black's Law Dictionary (5th ed, 1979), pp 1126-1127.
Litigants can show as part of the evidence in his/her own case, the guilt of others linked to the current defendant, in showing a pattern. Locker v American Tobacco Co, 194 F 232 (1912). It is not equitable for the government to be arguing the tobacco issue in terms of fraud, while leaving me prospectively ousted for rest of life, due to past consequences of that very fraud.
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B. Defendant has now vacated the basis for having ousted me. Just as Defendant would surreptitiously admit in an internal memo from one management official to another, Exh. 6, the truth about when it fired me (Feb 1980, not Jan 1982), confident it had beat me in court, it then decided to follow the 32 CFR § 203 guidelines after all. It then decided to follow the pure air rule that EEOC had noted had been flouted for me when I won the ‘arbitration' EEOC alludes to, telling Defendant to comply, Exh. 3. TACOM decided to now, belatedly solve the contaminated air situation it had committed the extortion (Exh 4) against me for refusing to stop blowing the whistle on. No big "undue hardship"! It had looked MSPB and the Court in the eye and fabricated, knowingly committing outlandish fraud claims of "undue hardship"! No hardship! Never was! Hah-hah! Just made it up for the Pletten case. Forget that claim, once it beat Pletten in court!— The "hah-hah" approach in dealing with MSPB and this Court, aided and abetted by DOJ.
Having vacated its hostility judgment, Defendant's smoking ban judgment vacates the basis for having ousted me. It is inequitable to prospectively keep me ousted for life, to ratify a Defendant view Defendant itself no longer holds. I look forward to returning to duty. Government will need personnel officials, crime prevention officials, in view of the OPM study showing high potential quits among the latter type occupations. We'll need to be hiring; better yet, fixing the poor management practices.
Ed. Note: The agency always had adequate authority in this matter, National Realty & Const Co Inc v O.S.H.R.C., 160 US App DC 133; 489 F2d 1257 (1973), and literally lied about lacking it!
Note Army's own precedents such as:
Army's refusal in the Spanish American War of 1898 to enlist smokers as symptoms of deteriorated health were found by examining doctors in smokers
Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp, Indiana Army Ammunition Plant v Int'l Chemical Workers Union, 68-2 Lab Arb Awards (CCH) § 8630; 51 Lab Arb (BNA) 97 (Indiana, 3 July 1968) (eleven months' suspension of smoker for smoking)
Jenkins v Secretary of the Army West, 1995 WL 43711 (U.S. E.E.O.C., 20 January 1995) (affirmation of an Army decision removing Sheranne Jenkins for instances of misconduct which included permitting smoking at week night bingo events in violation of a smoking ban)
|
C. In seeking to reopen this Civil Action No. 85-72998, dismissed in Challenger Shuttle death era, Jan 1986, I cited its explosion in whistleblower context. At that time, 23-24 Jan 2003, I could not know that a mere days hence, the Columbia shuttle would suffer a similar fate, again apparently tied to the rampant reprisal, Exh 9, against whistleblowers deterring them. I offer aid, Exh. 11.
Note the news Tuesday, 4 Feb 2003, that Space Shuttle Program Manager Ronald Dittemore said, originally, nobody had any reservations about the analysis of the data on the damage that occurred when the shuttle took off (about 20 inches of foam insulation fell off, potentially damaging shuttle heat tiles). No whistleblowing concern by any employee was expressed on the record.
But two days later, Dittemore was saying:
"Now I am aware, here some two days later, that there have been some reservations expressed by certain individuals, and it goes back in time." And, the concerned people "didn't come forward."
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No doubt they didn't! Employees who become "whistleblowers" reporting suspected hazards, are widely known to be often retaliated against, punished, suspended, fired. Employees say so themselves when surveyed, Exh 9. Reprisal is so notorious a federal management reaction against whistleblowers that this concern was published years ago.
In attacking a whistleblower, federal managers (aided and abetted by DOJ):
“go well beyond merely defeating a whistle blower . . . prove to others that no one is safe . . . make the most outrageous charges possible. . . . for purposes of teaching others a lesson, the more obvious the inconsistency [with work record (and law)] the better . . . .”—Thomas M. Devine and Donald G. Aplin, “Whistleblower Protection--Gap Between Law and Reality," 31 Howard Law Journal (#2) 223, 226 (1988).
That privately written article did not exist in Jan 1986 at time of dismissal. And now we have subsequent verification, from the government's own retaliation rates data survey, Exh 9. 7-12% report retaliation, meaning hundreds of thousands of incidents.
Now there is concern, in view of both the 9/11 tragedy wherein FBI whistleblowers complaint of being unheeded, and now with the latest, NASA shuttle, incident. Investigation is ongoing, I offer aid, Exh 11. In view of this change in legal atmosphere, to one of concern, it is inequitable to prospectively keep me punished, for life. I am not a criminal, with crimes warranting life sentence.
D. Defendant has now admitted, to Senator Carl Levin, using interchangeably the terms “termination" (general term) and “removal" (specific term).
“Removal" is defined as “A disciplinary separation action, other than for inefficiency or unacceptable performance . . . where the employee is at fault," according to Federal Personnel Manual Supplement 296-33, Subchapter 35, Glossary, page 35-11, pursuant to pre-identified (30 days prior) written notice of charges of violating conduct rules or performance standards, citing the rules, qualifications requirements, and/or performance standards involved as allegedly having been willfully violated, and typically citing prior corrective action (warnings, unsatisfactory ratings, reprimands, suspensions, etc.) having failed to secure improvement in conduct.
Note the definition of “removal," including the concept of discipline-warranting “fault" by the employee. No notice [was sent me] defining any “fault" by me warranting discipline. Defendant's Exh 10 admission of using inconsistent terms should not be ratified, Yorkshire v MSPB, 746 F2d 1454, 1457, n 4 (CA Fed, 1984). In view of the changes in legal atmosphere, it is inequitable that the discipline against me should be retained prospectively, ratified in essence as a life sentence.
Ed. Note: The two must be sharply distinguished, not muddled as TACOM did. See Jones v J. J. Security, 767 F Supp 151, 152 (ED Mich, 1991), citing Gantz v City of Detroit, 392 Mich 348, 356; 220 NW2d 433 (1974): "While removal, like discharge, results in separation, it is a quite different action. Separation by discharge is through the power of discipline. Separation because of ineligibility [disqualification] is not because of discipline at all. It is like a circuit judge having to vacate his office because he mvoed from his residence within the circuit. It is the non-existence of a sine qua non to employment."
The agency denied me the right to reply, never having specified which (removal or disqualification) it meant. |
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VIII. [9] IT IS NO LONGER EQUITABLE THAT THE JUDGMENTSHOULD HAVE
PROSPECTIVE APPLICATION, IN VIEW OF ALL THESE FACTS AND
PRECEDENTS, RE WHICH FOR OTHERSTHE GOVERNMENT DOES A CONFESSION OF ERROR.
When precedents arise, as so many did during the pendency of my situation, the government, for non-whistleblowers, provides “Confession of Error," e.g., in U.S. v Graham, 688 F2d 746 (CA 11, 1982). But for whistleblowers, suffering rampant retaliation, Exh 9, it does not. Here DOJ did not even answer. For non-whistleblowers, DOJ helps, even calls to court attention extortioner refusing “to process grievances." U. S. v Russo, 708 F2d 209, 212 (CA 6, 1983). Here, EEOC found similar refusal of processing, Exh 3. Instead of offering to prosecute the guilty managers, DOJ remains silent.
It is inequitable to prospectively continue my life sentence punishment simply because Defendant refuses to admit any error of inequity at all.
CONCLUSION
“[I]rreparable injury should be presumed from the very fact that the statute[s] has [have] been violated." U.S. v. Hayes Int'l Corp., 415 F2d 1038 (CA 5, 1969). The criminality of the underlying situation, Exh 4, produces results in me typical of crime victims, “interference with the victim's ability to conduct a normal life, . . . . absence from the workplace," People v Gorney, 99 Mich App 199, 207; 297 NW2d 648, 651 (1980) lv app den 410 Mich 911 (1981). Too, here, the nation is harmed by the rampant reprisal against whistleblowers, Exh 9, of which my case is one example, not to mention destruction of my career, family, finances. All of this is inequitable.
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff moves
1. to prevent issues of non-impartiality, please assure a judge without any question of bias or being a ‘fixer';
2. to reopen C.A. No. 85-72998 before Judge Cook so fraudulently, inequitously dismissed;
3. the Court to make findings of fact, seriatim, on the extortion, and on the constitutional and statutory violations in the absence of notice at each step of the ouster process, absence of forum notice,
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each voiding “informed choice," thus voiding each subsequent step from the very first;
4. to make findings of fact on the changed legal circumstances;
5. Order defendant to provide me specifics, then if it does, to consider my reply, then if it still ousts me, to notify me of ALL my rights so I can make free and informed choice;
5. [6] for other relief as the court may determine.
In addition, if there is some actual or apparent failure to articulate this matter on my part, please schedule a meeting, assign Dept of Justice to investigate as it would in other crime-reports situations, and/or appoint a “Special Master" pursuant to 42 USC § 2000e-5(g)(5) citing Fed.R. Civ. Proc. 53, to do fact-finding. As Dept of Justice human resources officials know to not oust employees as I was, may I suggest appointing someone technically qualified from its human resources office.
| | Respectfully,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
| | Leroy J. Pletten
| | Plaintiff
| | 8401 18 Mile Road #29
| | Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
Exhibits | | (586) 739-8343 | | | | | | |
1. TACOM Reg. 600-5, Ban Forced Leave (18 Jan1980)
2. EEOC Letter (Perez) Showing Termination Decision Already Made (9 April 1980
3. EEOC Decision, p 2, Citing TACOM Non-Compliance With Pure Air Guidance (23 Feb 1982)
4. Benacquista Deposition re Extortion Confirming Above, p 62 (23 April 1982)
5. OPM Jurisdiction BFOQ Denial Letter (30 Jan 1984)
6. TACOM Management Finally Admits Ouster by Feb 1980, Without EEO Review (16 Nov 1990)
7. Medical Letter Verifying Work Ability (5 Dec 1990)
8. Medical Letter Verifying Accommodation Never Needed (21 Aug 1991)
9. Retaliation Rate Study Article by MSPB (Dec 2000)
10. Army Admission to Sen. Levin Of Not Telling Me EEO Review Rights re Ouster (15 May 2001)
11. Whistleblower Letter to NASA (24 March 2003)
12. Letter to Detroit U.S. Attorney (28 March 2003)
13. Newspaper Article on Judges' Bias, Case-Fixing (30 March 2003)
14. Map of TACOM (Pletten's Assigned Bldg 230 Circled, Southwest Periphery)
-19- |
|
[TACOM Reg. 600-5, Ban Forced Leave, Exhibit 1]
18 JAN 1980 | | TARCOM-R 600-5
| | SPMM Chapter 14
| | C56 | | |
LEAVE WITHOUT PAY (LWOP)
14-27. Definition. A temporary non-pay status and absence from duty during regularly scheduled work hours granted/approved at the employee's request.
14-28. Policy.
a. Supervisors may not direct the use of leave without pay (LWOP). Leave without pay may be charged only upon an employee's request or consent. Hovever, such consent is understood when an employee applies for and is granted another type of leave where leave balance(s) are insufficient to cover. The only exception is when the Commander authorizes excused absence for reasons beyond management control and an employee is not eligible for excused absence. (See "Excused Absence, " page 23).
b. The only employees to whom leave vithout pay is a matter of right are disabled veterans. Such entitlement is limited to use for necessary medical treatment as explained on page 10.
c. Requests for leave without pay, particularly for extended periods, will be carefully examined to assure that their value offsets administrative costs and operating inconveniences.
d. Leave without pay will be granted only when there is reasonable assurance of return to duty after the absence.
e. LWOP will not be granted to extend beyond an employee's separation date.
f. If an employee applies for and is granted LWOP the period of leave may not at any time thereafter be converted to annual or sick leave, except for disability retirement and employee compensation cases, when claims are disallowed.
14-29. More Than 30 Days.
a. Extended leave without pay (more than 30 days) will be processed as follows:
(1) The employee will address a request in writing to his/her superviser, containing:
(a) Dates of absence required. |
Exh 1
|
[EEOC Letter (Perez) Showing Termination
Decision Already Made Two Years
Before the Jan 82 TACOM Party-Line Story
Exhibit 2]
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION
First National Building Suite 600
Detroit Michigan 48226
Telephone 226-7636
April 9, 1980 |
|
|
IN REPLY REFER TO:
|
| | EEO CLASS COMPLAINT OF
| Pletten, Leroy
| Charge No: 054-O8O-X0009 | | | |
Mr. Leroy J. Pletten
8401 18 Mile Road
Apt. 29
Sterling Heights, Michigan 48078
Dear Mr. Pletten:
Pursuant to your letter of April 2, 1980, you appear to be somewhat confused as to my present involvement with your complaint. Let me attempt to enlighten you on some procedural matters. On the 7th of March 1980, the agency sent this agency a letter requesting the Complaints Examiner issue a recommended decision on whether to accept, reject or cancel your complaint. Thus, at this point of the proceedings I am not concerned so much with the merits of your complaint as I have been requested to render an opinion on whether you have sufficient standing to act as the agent for the proposed class.
You must realize that your mere request to act as class agent will not suffice without a further showing that you comply in all respects with 29 CFR § 1613.601 et seq.
Futher be advised that I am not now in a position to interfere with or disrupt the agency's decision to terminate you. Should I find at a subsequent hearing, if and when it is held, that members of your proposed class have been discriminated against, then and only then will I be authorized to recommend corrective action.
[Ed. Note: I filed on 'individual case' basis for review, not awaiting the 'class action' process. Agency obstruction of justice, refusing to process same, occurred, and still continues. The cut-off of access to EEOC review was later cited by HQ EEOC. |
Therefore, should you remain sincere [Ed. Note: now that you've been terminated and will have your own reinstatement as your priority] in your decision to pursue a class action complaint, you should familiarize yourself with the applicable law and procedures.
| Sincerely yours,
| /s/Henry Perez, Jr.
| Henry Perez, Jr.
| Complaints Examiner | | | |
HPJ/ca
cc: Mr. Kenneth R. Adler
EEO Officer
Department of the Army
U.S. Army-TARCOM
Warren, Michigan 48090 |
Exh 2
|
[EEOC Decision, p 2, Citing TACOM
Non-Compliance With Pure Air Guidance,
Exhibit 3]
employees from smoking within 25 feet of appellant. [Pletten's supervisor, Jeremiah Kator, agreed, but higher management forbad him to act.] When he [Pletten] failed to obtain the accommodations [32 CFR § 203, AR 1-8, etc., enforcement actions] he believed to be necessary for his handicap [compliance with the above-cited rules], appellant sought EEO counseling and filed formal complaints. Simultaneously, he filed a labor grievance which was arbitrated in January, 1980 [in fact, adjudicated by the Army's own Civilian Appellate Review agency (USACARA)] with a recommendation of ways the agency had to accommodate appellant [enforce its own "pure air rights" rules]. When the agency failed to abide by the arbitration [USACARA Report], appellant filed even more EEO complaints.
In none of the appeals pending before this Commission did the agency ever consider the merits of appellant's allegations. All of the complaints were rejected for the reasons stated in the Appendix. The record indicates that as early as February, 1980 [the "decision to terminate" time observed by EEOC's Henry Perez, Jr.], appellant was denied EEO counseling and prevented from filing further complaints. As indicated in the Appendix, the agency failed to provide this Commission with several complaint files and the only information concerning these complaints was supplied by appellant and must be accepted by this Commission as uncontradicted.
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
EEOC Regulations 29 C.F.R. 1613.212 and .709(a) provide for the establishment by the agency for regulations for the acceptance and processing of complaints of discrimination based upon physical handicap and reprisal. The Regulations further provide that federal agencies upon the filing of such complaints must conduct an investigation into the allegations raised in the complaint, 29 C.F.R. 1613.216, conduct a hearing on those allegations, if desired by the complaint, 29 C.F.R. 1613.217(b)(i) and render a decision thereon, 29 C.F.R. 1613.221(1).
A review of the record in Docket No. 01800273 establishes that appellant filed a formal complaint of discrimination alleging that in an agency's publication derogatory references were made to his physical handicap. The appellant's complaint properly alleges a basis of discrimination reocognized by the Regulations. The agency improperly rejected appellant's complaint on the basis it did not come within the purview of the Regulations. The agency, therefore, must accept the complaint for investigation and decision thereon.
In all of appellant's complaints, he asserts that the agency was discriminating against him as an asthmatic nonsmoker who could not tolerate smoke [conduct] in his work environment and, moreover, that the agency failed to accommodate his handicap [enforce / obey the pertinent agency and other rules]. Under the applicable EEOC Regulations 29 C.F.R. 1613.214(a)(1)(ii) an agency may accept a complaint for processing only if
Exh 3 |
[Benacquista Deposition, P 62, Exhibit 4]
1 Q You said something to the effect that you
2 wouldn't direct a person to go back to work where he
3 thought there was a hazard, where that would be unsafe
4 for him.
Q 5 Can you repeat what you said in that nature?
6 A If we are going to get into that I would like to go back
7 and hear what the whole line of questioning was.
8 Q Well, I'm not sure we can do that.
9 Well, let's go back-no, let's not. It's
10 quite a ways back.
11 Q We were talking previously about why you
12 didn't just order him back to work. Why wouldn't you say,
13 "Look, we've done all this work and you should go back
14 to work"?
15 Q Why wouldn't you do that?
16 A His contention was that that was a hazard and that he
17 required a smoke-free environment.
18 A We had acknowledged and transmitted a
19 number of times that the environment in the building was
20 considered reasonably free of contaminants, you know.
21 Why would I want to go around and tell
22 somebody, "You have got to go back in there"? That is
23 a personal judgment on his own part. The job was available.
24 All he had to do was to say, "I agree that this is
25 reasonably free of contaminants."
-62-
Exh 4
[Ed. Note: See Deposition Context]
|
[OPM Jurisdiction BFOQ Denial Letter,
Exhibit 5]
United States
Office of Personnel Management
Washington, D.C. 20415
JAN 30 1984
In reply refer to | | Your reference |
Mr. Leroy J. Pletten
8401 18 Mile Road 29
Sterling Heights, Michigan 48078
Dear Mr. Pletten:
This is in reply to your Freedom of Information request dated December 12, 1983, and received in this office on January 23, 1984. A copy of your letter was forwarded to this office for reply to those items pertaining to qualification requirements since this office has responsibility for the development of qualifications standards.
Specifically, you requested a copy of any and all qualification requirements issued by OPM that require smoking as a condition of Federal employment. You asked that this include qualification requirements in Handbook X-118 as well as any OPM may have issued or may be using that are not a part of the X-118 system. You also requested that if there are no such requirements that we so state.
This office is not aware of any qualifications standards issued or in use by OPM that require the ability to smoke. As a consequence, we cannot fill your request for copies of such material.
- Sincerely,
- /s/Joseph W. Howe
- Joseph W. Howe
- Assistant Director
- for Standards
- Development
Exh 5
|
|
[TACOM Internal Memo Admitting Ouster
Two Years Before the Jan 82 TACOM Party-Line Story:
of Feb 1980, Without EEO Review (16 Nov 1990)
Exhibit 6]
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
UNITED STATES ARMY TANK-AUTOMOTIVE COMMAND
WARREN MICHIGAN 48090
AMSTA-CQ (690-700h)
| | 16 November 1990 |
MEMORANDUM FOR C, Sys & Spt Br (AMSTA-PSM)
SUBJECT: EEO Complaint — | | Leroy J. Pletten — SSN — 576-67-6699
| | Last employed February, 1980
| | Formerly a Personnel Specialist | | |
1. The complainant requests permission to examine his complete personnel history. He was employed from 26 August 1969 to February 1980 at TACOM.
2. The complainant has alleged discrimination in the processing of his past complaints.
3. Thank you for your efforts in assisting us. The POC for this action is the undersigned at, X48483.
|
/s/K. R. Adler for
| Annie G. Johnson
| Case Manager | | |
Exh 6
|
[Medical Letter Verifying Work Ability, Exhibit 7]
Selectcare
MedExtend HMO
December 5, 1990
Medical Officer
United States Tank/Automotive Command
Warren, Michigan 48397-5000
RE: Mr. Leroy Pletten
M.R. 228935
Dear Sir:
Mr. Leroy Pletten is physically able to perform all of his job duties. Mr. Pletten currently has no medical condition which has rendered him disabled and to my knowledge he has never had any such condition. I agree with the Department of Labor's findings that Mr. Pletten was able to return to work in March of 1980.
Sincerely,
/s/Silas Cardwell, M.D.
Silas Cardwell, M.D.
SC:prn:g
Exh 7
|
|
[Medical Letter Verifying Accommodation Never Needed,
Exhibit 8]
Selectcare
August 21, 1991
Dr. Bruno Vurgess, Medical Officer
United States Army
Occupational Health Clinic
HSXP-WAR, Building 2
Warren, Michigan 48397-5000
RE: Mr. Leroy J. Pletten
M.R.# 228935
S.S.# 364-67-4819
Dear Dr. Vurgess:
Mr. Leroy Pletten is able to perform all of his job duties and the requirements checked on the Health Qualification Placement record. I do not find tobacco smoke listed in it. Mr. Pletten has no medical condition that disqualifies him from working. I do not find any record in Mr. Pletten's file saying he needed accommodation to do his duties and meet the requirement of the position. I have not recommended accommodation, he has no need for it. I agree with the Department of Labor's findings that Mr. Pletten was able to return to work on March 17, 1980. I agree also with the Michigan Department of Education's letter of June 25, 1991. Mr. Pletten continues to be ready, willing and able to return to work. He should be returned to work immediately. Please help him to do so.
Sincerely,
/s/Silas Cardwell, M.D.
Silas Cardwell, M.D.
SC:prn:v
Exh 8
|
|
[Retaliation Rate Study Article by MSPB,
Exhibit 9]
Retaliation Rate Remains Unchanged
[www.mspb.gov/studies/00decnws.pdf]
No news can be considered good news when you're looking at rates of retaliation experienced by federal whistleblowers.
In spite of the changes over the past decade in agency leadership, laws and regulations, and workforce composition (including downsizing and increased contractmg out)—all of which have the potential to create workplace turmoil—federal workers' perceptions regarding retaliation for various protected actions have not changed durmg the 1990s. In its Merit Principles Survey 2000, the Board asked employees whether they had experienced retaliation for a variety of activities, from whistleblowing to refusing to obey an unlawful order (Respondents could mark as many actions as applied to them.) As the table below shows, the percentage of employees who believe they experienced retaliation for each of these activities has remained fairly stable over the past decade.
Ed. Note:
See 1993 Report, showing worsening from 1983, as agencies had gotten away with many reprisals, with MSPB and DOJ serving as accessories, aiding and abetting agency reprisal practices and policy, and thus encouraging its continuance and worsening. |
Because such retaliation is a prohibited personnel practice [5 USC § 2302], the fact that any retaliation occurs at all is, of course, troubling. Nevertheless, there's some comfort in knowing that there has been no increase in such behavior.
Percentage of employees who believe they experienced retaliation in
the preceding two years for the indicated action.
In the last 2 years have you | Percentage | saying | Yes
experienced retaliation for | 1992 | 1996 | 2000
Making disclosures concerning health and safety dangers,
unlawful behavior, and/or fraud, waste, and abuse? | 8 | 7 | 7
Exercising any appeal, complaint, or grievance right? | 11 | 12 | 9
Testifying for or otherwise assisting any individual in the
exercise of whistleblowmg, equal employment opportunity,
or appeal rights? | 6 | 6 | 5
Refusing to obey an unlawful order? | 4 | 3 | 2
Reporting unwanted sexual attention or sexual
harassment? | * | 2 | 1
*Did not ask in 1992 Source: Merit Principles Surveys | 1992 19962000 | | | | | | | | | |
|
|
Exh 9 |
[Army Admission to Sen. Levin Of Not
Telling Me EEO Review Rights re Ouster,
Exhibit 10]
DEPARTMENT 0F THE ARMY
HEADQUARTERS, U.S. ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND
5001 EISENHOWER AVENUE, ALEXANDR1A, VA 22333-0001
REPLY TO
ATTENTION 0F May 15, 2001
Honorable Carl Levin
United States Senator
477 Michigan Avenue
Suite 1860
Detroit, Michigan 48226
Dear Senator Levin:
This letter replies to your latest inquiry on behalf of Mr. Leroy J. Pletten concerning his employment with the U.S. Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM).
Mr. Pletten believes there is a significant difference between "separation" and "removal." However in this instance, TACOM used both terms interchangeably in its correspondence to Mr. Pletten advising him that his tenure would be terminated due to medical disqualification. Mr. Pletten was advised that he could appeal this personnel action to the Merit Systems Protection Board. Other appeals, such as to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, were at his discretion.
In our response to your last inquiry on Mr. Pletten's behalf, we included a chronology of the litigation he has engaged in relative to his separation from TACOM in 1982. We enclose another copy of this chronology for your convenience.
As stated in the chronology, in each litigation, Mr. Pletten alleged that the separation was illegal, substantively and procedurally. After thoroughly litigating his separation many times, TACOM continues to consider the matter of Mr. Pletten's employment to be conclusively resolved.
I trust this information is of assistance.
| | Sincerely,
| |
| | | /s/Edward E. Bishop
| | Edward E. Bishop
| | Colonel, U.S. Army
| | Chief, Congressional
| | Liaison Office | | | | | | |
Exh 10 |
[Whistleblower Letter to NASA,
Exhibit 11]
8401 18 Mile Road #29
Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
586-739-8343
Admiral Harold W. Gehman, Jr. (ret'd) 24 March 2003
Chairman, Columbia Accident Investigation Board
16850 Saturn Lane
Houston, Texas 77058
Dear Chairman:
This is an offer and request to testify and offer evidence in the Investigation, in whistleblower context. Pursuant to Supreme Court decision on patterns, "The proof of the pattern or practice [of reprisal against whistleblowers, including by violence] supports an inference that any particular decision [to commit anti-whistleblower action], during the period in which the policy was in force, was made in pursuit of that policy." Teamsters v U.S., 431 US 324, 362; 97 S Ct 1843, 1868; 52 L Ed 2d 396, 431 (1977).
The pertinent pattern includes undisputed evidence that federal agencies, e.g., mine, aided and abetted by accessories in the Department of Justice, and judicial branch, have a "universal malice" policy and practice of falsifying safety data, allowing hazards, and savagely punishing and destroying whistleblowers who report same. Said pattern promotes a reign of terror, such that would-be whistle blowers are foreseeably deterred from aggressively reporting, following-up, solving hazards. The "natural and probable consequences"of this long-term federal agency policy and practice is to produce significant numbers of deaths of Americans, "foreseeable" deaths, thus "intended" deaths. Reference: standard legal dictionary definitions of the pertinent terms.
Examples of anti-safety "universal malice" that I will present include on the prevalence of fear to whistleblow, deterring timely hazard corrections; on federal "safety officers" falsifying safety records (e.g., recording 42,000 numeric above the 29 CFR § 1910.1000 50 limit, as 4) with impunity as per DOJ accessories; on officials aiding and abetting violation of hazardous materials laws and regulations (e.g., TACOM-R 190-4; MCL § 750.27, MSA §28.216; and on felonies (including bribery, drug smuggling), by government officials, including U.S. Attorney personnel, undisputed.
I know these things from personal experience (as an Army employee including "Crime Prevention Officer"), not hearsay. In my case, despite the U.S. Attorney being aware of federal officials' felonies, there is utter REFUSAL to prosecute. I have been a juror, as such, would draw this conclusion: that U.S. attorneys are FOR felonies against whistleblowers. The "natural and probable consequence" of crime-accessory activity by U.S. Attorneys, is deterrent to federal employees to aggressively report and solve hazards. One cannot even report drug smuggling! without experiencing U.S. Attorney malice including bribery of judges, undisputed. Federal employees can reasonably conclude, they can expect no help from Dept. of Justice regardless of how many felonies are committed against them.
My case is not unique. See prevalence data by Thomas M. Devine and Donald G. Aplin, "Whistleblower Protection—Gap Between Law and Reality," 31 Howard Law J (#2) 223 (1988). The pattern of reprisal, retaliation, ongoing savagery, terrorism, directed against federal employees, helps explain why studies show so many federal employees correctly fear to be aggressive to report hazards and seek their remedy. Latest news reports cite NASA having some 200 pertinent whistleblower reports! 200! though none cited at first! Now, too late, come they!
Your investigation, if it is of merely an "accident," will NOT solve the problem insofar as may relate to would-be whistleblowers rightly fearing to aggressively pursue hazard issues, due to fear for themselves, family, career, finances. Solution must involve providing a non-hostile, indeed, a welcoming, work environment genuinely receptive to reporting and preventing hazards, not this whining and shedding crocodile tears over yet more preventable deaths–the ‘hah-hah' approach currently in vogue. Solution must include CRIMINAL prosecution for their past felonies, of felons in agency management, Dept of Justice, and judiciary. Only such an approach can remotely hope to reduce the fear level among federal employees, and thus save lives.
My testimony, evidence, and plea is to urge you to take a comprehensive approach, deal with criminal aspects, the entire problem in short, not an alleged "accident" fragment. I look forward to testifying.
| | Sincerely,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
| | Leroy J. Pletten
Copy to: | | CPO
U.S. Attorney General, D.C. | |
| U.S. Attorney, Detroit | |
| Commanding General, TACOM, Warren | |
| | | | | |
Exh 11 |
[Letter to Detroit U.S. Attorney,
Exhibit 12]
8401 18 Mile Road #29
Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
586-739-834328 March 2003
Jeffrey G. Collins,
U.S. Attorney, Eastern District of Michigan
Attn: Nancy B. Pridgen
211 West Fort Street, Suite 2001
Detroit, MI 48226
Dear U.S. Attorney: Re: 24 March 2003 Court Order
This requests you concur in my anticipated proposed motion for clarification, reconsideration, and reopening re CA No. 85-72998, on which a decision, perhaps, appears purported to have been made in CA No. 88-72254.
As the record shows, the suspension, forced leave, LWOP, termination, removal (terms vary as per no notice) meets the criteria for granting my request. Adverse actions without notice constitute both statutory and constitutional violations, and due to the jurisdictional aspect are void. For example, if a spouse were to say, ‘I divorced you,' without the requisite due process and documentation, the claim would be void. Siemering v Siemering, 95 Wis 2d 111, 115; 288 NW2d 881, 883 (Wis App, 1980). The "condition precedent not having been met, the action was never commenced." Until the "condition precedent" for change (re federal employees, proper notice, right to reply, etc.) is met, the status quo ante (employment, marriage) remains in full force and effect. According to MSPB (remember, I wanted EEO review, the agency refused me), Basinger v OPM, 5 MSPB 210 (1981) (action "cannot be effected if there is a lack of compliance with departmental regulations").
Re jurisdiction, cases such as Hotch v U.S., 212 F2d 280, 281 (CA 9, 1954); Morton v Ruiz, 415 US 199, 231-237; 94 S Ct 1055, 1073-1075; 39 L Ed 2d 270 (20 Feb 1974); Bowen v City of N Y, 476 US 467; 106 S Ct 2022; 90 L Ed 2d 462 (1986); Berends v Butz, 357 F Supp 143, 154-158 (D Minn, 1973); W. G. C. T. & S. Corp v Army, 480 F2d 498, 503 (CA 4, 1973) (Army has pattern, did this before); Anderson v Butz, 550 F2d 459 (CA 9, 1977); Dean v Butz, 428 F Supp 477, 480 (D HAW, 1977); St. Elizabeth Hospital v U.S., 558 F2d 8, 13-14 (CA 9, 1977); Onweiler v U.S., 432 F Supp 1226, 1229 (D ID, 1977); Aiken v Obledo, 442 F Supp 628, 654 (D ED Cal, 1977); Historic Green Springs, Inc v Bergland, 497 F Supp 839, 854-857 (D ED Va, 1980); Vigil v Andrus, 667 F2d 931, 936-939 (CA 10, 1982), confirm this.
Please note the violations: ouster (1) Without Advance Notice of Charges (2) Denial of Right to Reply (Each Constituting Constitutional and Statutory Due Process Violations) (3) Denial of Notice of Appeal Rights (4) Use of Non-Existent Qualification "Standard" (A Statutory "Jurisdictional" Violation) Wherefore Firing Was Void, Cannot Be Ratified. This meets the criteria. Please concur. A void action cannot be ratified.
I began importuning the Dept of Justice at the time of the cited extortion, and was refused, as per the policy and practice cited in my Jan 2003 filing. Please do what you can to reverse this policy and practice, to which whistleblowers are subjected. (I would be happy to meet with you and Mr. Collins on this issue.) Americans whose lives will be saved by ending the anti-whistleblower animus will be grateful. As always, I look forward to returning to duty.
| | Sincerely,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
| | Leroy J. Pletten
| | CPO
| | | | |
Exh 12 |
[Detroit News Article, Exhibit 13]
[Map of TACOM, Exhibit 14]
[CAIB Letter, Received 3 April 03 p.m.
Answering Exhibit 11, supra]
CHAIRMAN
COLUMBIA ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION BOARD
16850 SATURN LANE, HOUSTON, TX 77058
Ser CAIB/157
26 Mar 03
Dear Mr. Pletten,
Thank you for your letter of 24 March.
I appreciate your offer to provide testimony to the board. Your letter has been provided to our independent technical group, and they will be in touch with you if further information is needed.
Once again thank you for your input.
| | Sincerely,
| |
| | | /s/H. W. Gehman
| | H. W. GEHMAN
| | Admiral, U.S. Navy (Retired)
| | Chairman
| | Columbia Accident Investigation Board | | | | | |
Mr. Leroy J. Pletten
8401 18 Mile Road
Sterling Heights, Ml 48313-3042 |
|
Subsequent Attempt to Reply, to RTD,
and to Provide Evidence, to TACOM
DISPOSITION FORM
REFERENCE OR OFFICE SYMBOL| SUBJECT
|
| Return to Duty / Renewed Request to Reply /
| New Evidence for Reply File
|
TO CG, Attn: Kathleen E. Bell, FROM Leroy J. Pletten 21 April 2003
Dir, Hum Res (AMSTA-H) CPO (AMSTA H)
1. I am an employee of TACOM. This is another return to duty. I remain ready, willing, able, and eager to work, as always, and look forward to immediate RTD. This is also an effort to begin reply to the allegation that I am not an employee. As TACOM has not notified me of charges, specifics, "material relied on,"despite my efforts to obtain same, TACOM's refusal to provide same has obstructed the reply process.
2. In the interim, until provided the foregoing, please include these issues in the file for my anticipated reply:
I. The initial circumstances had statutory violations, e.g., 5 USC § 7513.(b); MCL §§ 750.27 and 213.
II. It was never equitable or legal, the massive fraud preventing me review by denying me notice of forum options, refusing me the 29 CFR § 1613 forum, and the ex parte-arranged crimes re DOJ, MSPB, and judiciary
III. It is no longer equitable that the ouster should have prospective application
A. while other employees ousted without due process notice of charges remain on the rolls
B. as per "accommodation" cases showing same a post-charges notice "affirmative defense"
C. absent condition precedent (notice of charges and specifics enabling reply otherwise obstructed)
D. as per 5 USC § 552 jurisdictional bar (issue of non-publication)
E. where TACOM denied me "informed choice" to even commence review
F. where there have been intervening changes in the "legal atmosphere"
G. in view of facts and precedents, re which for others the government does a Confession of Error
3. Note prevalent corruption cited in U.S. v Busse: Witness John Olmsted: "We were told it would behoove us to entertain these people,"—Macomb Daily 4-16-03, p 1. He "felt pressured" per Busse being "portrayed . . . as a very influential official." Crimes cited include racketeering, extortion, attempted extortion, mail fraud, conspiracy to commit extortion. P. 9: "I got to the point where I really didn't know what was going on. I was afraid," said Olmsted. Busse would set up a fraudulent contract. "He said he does it all the time." Note William Rice, p 13, 4-17-2003, "Telling the jury he felt extorted." "'As far as I was concerned, everybody in the city of Warren was on the take--or that's how it seemed to me,' he said." Friday, 18 April, p 1, on a cover story, how to go about leaving office, by "a confidential source to the FBI," p10. The foregoing parallels the RICO TACOM-DOJ-MSPB-CA6 CCE: crimes "all the time," "pressure," "everybody . . . on the take," denying rights obstructing redress, etc.
4. I expect, as always, to RTD immediately, and continue performing duties until same.
5. I look forward to returning to duty immediately, and to many continued years of duty. In view of the War on Terrorism, the country needs people knowledgeable (as I am), of crime prevention, and the underlying process in the drug abuse money trail long reported involved in financing terrorists.
/s/ Leroy J. Pletten
Leroy J. Pletten
TACOM Employee - CPO
DA FORM 2496 |
8401 18 Mile Road #29
Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
6 May 2003
586-739-8343
MG N. Ross Thompson, Commanding General
US Army TACOM (AMSTA-CG)
Warren MI 48397-5000
Dear Sir:
This request is addressed to you in view of subordinate staff refusal (at e.g., AMSTA-CQ and H) to abide by the pertinent rules and precedents, including re repeated RTD, reply requests, rights notice, and refusal to allow EEO review (refusal verified by EEOC). I am a TACOM employee.
This is a request for an EEO Counselor, with respect to a pattern of incidents of which most recent examples with continuing effect are o/a 21 April 2003, and prior, e.g., 22 Dec 2002 through 12 Feb 2003, prior thereto, and continuing.
| | Sincerely,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
| | Leroy J. Pletten
| | CPO (AMSTA-H)
| | | | | | | |
23 May 2003 Inquiry
to Clerk of Court
| 8401 18 Mile Road #29
| Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
| 23 May 2003 | | |
Clerk of Court
Theodore Levin U.S. Courthouse
231 W Lafayette
Detroit MI 48226
Dear Clerk of Court:
Each time I come to your office, your staff are most gracious and helpful.
This letter concerns Docket Entries.
There are docket entries for my civil service case, Pletten v Army, 85-72998 (before Judge
Julian Abel Cook, Jr.). In that case, I filed several motions on 24 January 2003; and again on 3 April 2003. The docket entries are correct.
However, the intervening court order of 24 March 2003 (in response to at least one of my 24 Jan 2003 motions; and to which my 3 April 2003 motion responded), remains unlisted as of yesterday, Thursday afternoon, 22 May 2003. Why is the 24 March 2003 court order unlisted? While only the response to it is listed?
In a quite different case from years later, Docket No. 88-72254 (before Judge Anna Diggs-Taylor), wherein I filed nothing on 24 January, items for that date are nonetheless listed on its Docket Sheets. Why are they listed there? Why the duplication with the correct docket entries in 85-72998? And why is a 24 March 2003 court order listed there, responding to motion(s) that was/were not filed in that case?
In essence, this letter asks about the accuracy of the docket entries.
| | Sincerely,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
| | Leroy J. Pletten | | | |
As of yet, no answer has been received.
28 July 2003 Letter to CAIB
8401 18 Mile Road #29
Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
586-739-8343
lpletten@tir.com
Admiral Harold W. Gehman, Jr. (ret'd) 28 July 2003
Columbia Accident Investigation Board
gehman@caib.us
2900 South Quincy Street Suite 800
Arlington, VA 22206
Dear Chairman:
This concerns the investigation of the Columbia shuttle crash, and of the CIA - FBI failures re 9/11. There may be a common pattern--whistleblower fear to report what they see. Recently 72 whistleblower engineers had to meet secretly, confidentially, with your CAIB investigation team to "blow the whistle," provide "honest services," on safety problems. They met secretly since they'd be fired for talking. And now with the CIA-FBI news, supposedly nobody "connected the dots." What about whistleblowers who did, but did not dare to speak up? They come to the meetings, where management supposedly wants input, but dare not speak up, nor write a memo.
This tragic fact is evident from various analyses of how the government views whistleblowers, and treats them, when they speak up, "connect dots" others overlook, for example:
David W. Ewing, "Canning Directions: How the Government Rids Itself of Troublemakers,"Harpers 16 (August 1979)
Thomas M. Devine and Donald G. Aplin, "Abuse of Authority: The Office of the
Special Counsel and Whistleblower Protection," 4 Antioch Law Journal 5 (1986).
Stephen M. Kohn and Michael D. Kohn, "An Overview of Federal and State Whistleblower Protection," 4 Antioch Law Journal 99-152 (1986)
Thomas M. Devine and Donald G. Aplin, "Whistleblower Protection--Gap Between Law and Reality," 31 Howard Law Journal (#2) 223 (1988). |
The real truth is that when NASA engineers, CIA agents, anyone in government, speaks up to "blow the whistle," to "connect the dots" that others don't see, to provide "honest services," government managers (contrary to their subsequent pretenses and crocodile tears otherwise when some disaster happens), extort silence, "universal malice" silence, by treating speaking up as being a "troublemaker," "not a team player," as a "challenge," as "dissent," as "disruptive," "disgruntled," and "malcontent." Then what happens all too commonly is, the managers retaliate. Adjudicators and courts regularly label "blowing the whistle" that way, as "disruptive," so say above references, as that is the REAL management attitude. People who speak up are not considered helpful and welcome, but are considered "disruptive." The government wins removal cases calling employees that name.
The retaliation rate against whistleblowers by the government's own studies, example at www.mspb.gov/studies/00decnws.pdf, decade after decade, shows numerous reprisals by management, and almost NEVER any corrective action--reprisals on MANY subjects, not just whistleblowing. So Americans die. Everyone knows, just "keep your own nose clean."
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I mention that managers extort silence, prevent "honest services." Yes, by the overwhelming pattern, practice, policy of punishing speaking up. Extortion is against the law (18 USC § 1951). So is depriving the public of "honest services" (18 USC § 1346), depriving the public on the speaking up that would otherwise occur, but for the very real terror caused by the long-term established reprisal policy, practice, pattern.
Defrauding the public of "honest and impartial government" is illegal, U.S. v Brumley, 116 F3d 728, 731 (CA 5, 1997) cert den 522 US 1028; 118 S Ct 625; 139 L Ed 2d 606 (1997). "A [retaliator against whistleblowers] defendant may be prosecuted for deprivation of honest services." U.S. v Woodward, 149 F3d 46, 71 (CA 1, 1998), cert den 525 US 1138; 119 S Ct 1026; 143 L Ed 2d 37 (1999). Reference 18 USC §§ 1341, 1343, and 1346.
Other felonies used to forestall whistleblowers from acting on what they know include but are not limited to defrauding them of legal/constitutional rights such as the First Amendment (18 USC § 241); embezzlement and theft of their pay by unlawful retaliations (18 USC § 661); mail fraud to present the false "reasons" for the reprisal (18 USC § 1341); and conspiracy to do such acts (18 USC § 371).
However, the Department of Justice, via federal prosecutors, U.S. Attorneys, refuses to ever prosecute! even when pleaded with to do so. Any and all crimes, any and all "universal malice," extortion, threats, whatever, by government managers directed against whistleblowers and deterring "honest services," is treated as acceptable behavior--crimes that would be prosecuted if committed by anybody else!
Office of Special Counsel, and Merit Systems Protection Board, almost never intervene to help whistleblowers. This is common knowledge, spreading the fear, further deterring providing "honest services."
Engineers, agents, all know that if they "connect the dots," if they see hazards, to astronauts, to the public, to anybody, they are far better off to do as they have been doing, keep their mouth shut until AFTER the disaster and deaths (and maybe not speak up even then). ONLY then will there, possibly, remotely possibly, be a minimal public pretense by management of some pathetic concern! Even then, do as the NASA engineers did recently, and as CIA Agents may have, they do NOT talk unless secretly, confidentially, with investigators. If they talk publicly on the record, if they "blow the whistle," if they provide "honest services," BEFORE the disaster and deaths, the record shows that they WILL be retaliated against, e.g., ousted, harassed, ridiculed, fired, career destroyed, finances crashed, family ruined.
In your report, please emphasize to the public that everyone in government knows from decades of the pattern, policy, and practice of maltreatment and abuse and retaliation, to "keep their nose clean," keep their mouth shut. Protecting the public, even other employees such as astronauts, or people from terrorism, or other danger, is of necessity the LOWEST priority. Managers, courts, OSC, MSPB, and the Department of Justice have made that fact ultra-clear, loud and clear. The public "ain't nuthin" to them. Save yourself, keep silent, we pretty much all know from bitter experience, of self or others.
"Investigations" are pretty much whitewashes, when they don't mention these types of facts. So disasters will continue, unless you make your report a real report, covering this issue underlying so many others. Please "blow the whistle" on the OSC, MSPB, DOJ, and their policy, practice, and pattern of refusal to intervene, and the latter's refusal to prosecute.
Whistleblowing, been there, done that.
Sincerely,
/s/Leroy J. Pletten
Leroy J. Pletten
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|
29 September 2003 Inquiry
to Clerk of Court
| 8401 18 Mile Road #29
| Sterling Heights, MI 48313-3042
| 29 September 2003 | | |
Clerk of Court
Theodore Levin U.S. Courthouse
231 W Lafayette
Detroit MI 48226
Dear Clerk of Court:
Please send me a copy of the most recent page only, of the Docket Entries for two cases, Pletten v Army, Docket No. 85-72998, and Docket No. 88-72254.
Enclosed is $1.00 (at 50¢ per page), and stamped, self-addressed return envelope.
Thank you.
| | Sincerely,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
| | Leroy J. Pletten
| | |
Enclosures: 2 |
As of yet, no answer has been received.
On 15 October 2003, after sending the two inquiries to Clerk of Court, and receiving no reply to either, I went in person to see the docket entries at the Clerk of Court office. I found a reassignment order had been issued weeks earlier (26 September) but not served on me, to obstruct my right to have genuine review.
I asked Clerk of Court for a copy. She could not find one! Clerk suggested I call the judge's courtroom deputy! I did, AND mailed a letter asking for a copy of the order!
|
8401 18 Mile Road #29
Sterling Heights MI 48313-3042
15 September [October] 2003
Ms. Sherry Stumps, Courtroom
Deputy to Judge Taylor
Theodore Levin U.S. Courthouse
231 W Lafayette
Detroit MI 48223
Dear Ms. Stumps:
Pursuant to being informed around 1:03 pm today by Vicky in the Clerk of Court Records office, when I was seeking docket entries information in my case, Pletten v Army, Docket No. 85-72998, of an “ORDER by Judge Julian Abele Cook, Jr reassigning case to Judge Anna Diggs Taylor as a companion case to 88-72254,” of her being unable to locate a copy of said order, and of her being unable to arrange telephone contact with you at that time, this is a request for a copy of that reassignment order. This confirms our conversation on this subject, at about 4:01 pm today.
Thank you for your assistance.
Sincerely,
/s/Leroy J. Pletten
Leroy J. Pletten
|
The 26 September 2003 Reassignment Order
Complaint of Judicial Misconduct
18 October 2003
8401 18 Mile Road #29
Sterling Heights MI 48313-3042
18 October 2003
Judicial Council for the 6th Circuit
503 U.S. Post Office and Courthouse
Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Re: Complaint of Judicial Misconduct No. ________
on Court Order Contrary to L.R. 83.11(b)(7)(C)
Dear Judicial Council:
This report of prima facie rule violation is filed pursuant to pertinent laws and rules, e.g., the Rules Governing Complaint of Judicial Misconduct Or Disability. Enclosed are (1) a copy of the Court Order at issue, and (2) the pertinent portion of the Local Rule 83.11.
Note that Local Rule 83.11(b)(7)(C) clearly, unequivocally, provides for reassigning a case to the judge with the "earlier number " (here, by Court's own words, prima facie, Docket Number 85-72998). Note that the reassignment Order does exactly the opposite, reassigns the 85-72998 case while citing prima facie a later number (Docket No. 88-72254). This is a prima facie violation, a "confession against interest" so to speak, no need to belabor the point with pages of arguments!
Moreover, I believe the receiving judge is biased, and have so indicated.
In March 2003 this same disregard had occurred, without even the cover, pretext, or pretense of a reassignment order! I objected then as well. Doing reassignment now, long after case commencement, using the already objected-to later Docket Number, after long time to meditate, shows deliberate, premeditated, willful violation of the Court Local Rule, undermines credibility of judiciary, impairs public confidence, causes distrust in accuracy of decisions—so blatantly the opposite of the letter of the Court's own rule. Were a member of the public to blatantly defy a rule in judge's presence (do the exact opposite of what is told), such behavior could be deemed "contempt of court." Is it any less so, when by judges?
It is vital that judges neither be, nor be perceived to be, above the law. I am a notary public, not only a plaintiff, and I have been a juror and witness as well, so am quadruply concerned with courts' ethical behavior. One purpose of corrective action is to reduce the likelihood that, hereafter, these or any other judges, will blatantly violate the literal letter of the law (rule). Please take appropriate remedial action, cure the damage, address the misconduct, assign a judge of whom there is no doubt of impartiality, and take all needed pro-active deterrent-level reaction.
Sincerely,
/s/Leroy J. Pletten
Leroy J. Pletten
Enclosures:
1. Court Order
2. That Portion of Local Rule 83.11 at Issue
CF: E D Mich Chief Judge Zatkoff
P.S. I was NOT served the Order, and did not receive it until AFTER I discovered a docket entry citing it. I had gone in person to the Clerk of Court office to check on case status, as Clerk had not answered two prior written inquiries about the Docket. The Clerk of Court did NOT have a copy of the Order at issue, so told me to ask the Judge's Courtroom Deputy, who did mail it to me, received 17 Oct 2003. But for my driving miles to check the file in person, due to the non-service, I would still not know of the Order. |
Notice of Judicial Misconduct
24 October 2003UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Civil Action No. 85-72998
ANNA DIGGS TAYLOR
FILED '03 OCT 24 P 2:30
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
NOTICE OF JUDICIAL MISCONDUCT, FALSIFICATION,
ANTEDATING, AND VIOLATION OF LOCAL COURT RULE
Plaintiff Leroy Pletten provides notice that the sua sponte reassignment order of 26 September 2003 (received 17 October 2003) has prima facie violation of Local Rule 83.11(b)(7)(C).
1. The rule clearly, unequivocally, provides for reassigning a case to the judge with the "earlier number " (here, by Court's own words, prima facie, Docket Number 85-72998).
2. The reassignment Order does exactly the opposite, reassigns the earlier 85-72998 case (while citing prima facie what is in fact) to a later number (Docket No. 88-72254).
3. Had there been testimony by witnesses falsifying which of the two case numbers is "earlier," such antedating type words, such false testimony, could foreseeably be deemed misconduct, perjury.
4. Judges' words must be held to at least the same standard of truthfulness required of witnesses. The literal words of the order show prima facie violation, a "confession against interest."
5. Plaintiff believes the receiving judge is biased, and has so indicated (incorporated here by reference).
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6. In March 2003 this same disregard had occurred, without even the cover, pretext, or pretense of a reassignment order!: meaning, issuing order without even having been "assigned"!
7. Plaintiff has contacted the Judicial Council (Exhibit 1), incorporated here by reference.
8. For the judges involved, this is not a first offense. Note Detroit News article, web version http://www.detnews.com/2003/schools/0303/30/d01-122438.htm (30 March 2003), p 3 (Exhibit 2). (citing manipulation allegations in another case, redressed via a "scathing decision [by Judge Bernard Friedman] striking down their opinion," said decision incorporated here by reference).
9. It is evident that there is no perceived-by-them deterrent by either (a) the letter of the Rule; (b) the possibility of sanction by the Judicial Council; or (c) the words of colleague Friedman.
Wherefore, a minimum of the following remedial action should be taken:
1. the order at issue be revoked;
2. the judges involved confess misconduct to the Judicial Council;
3. same consequences be applied as would happen to lawyer witnesses antedating, falsifying, which of the two numbers is "earlier," such as could foreseeably be deemed perjury.
| | Respectfully,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
Dated: 24 October 2003 | | Leroy J. Pletten | | |
Exhibits:
1. Complaint to Judicial Council (18 October 2003)
2. Detroit News Article (30 March 2003), web version, p 3.
CF: E D Mich Chief Judge Zatkoff
-2- |
8401 18 Mile Road #29
Sterling Heights MI 48313-3042
18 October 2003
Judicial Council for the 6th Circuit
503 U.S. Post Office and Courthouse
Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Re: Complaint of Judicial Misconduct No. ________
on Court Order Contrary to L.R. 83.11(b)(7)(C)
Dear Judicial Council:
This report of prima facie rule violation is filed pursuant to pertinent laws and rules, e.g., the Rules Governing Complaint of Judicial Misconduct Or Disability. Enclosed are (1) a copy of the Court Order at issue, and (2) the pertinent portion of the Local Rule 83.11.
Note that Local Rule 83.11(b)(7)(C) clearly, unequivocally, provides for reassigning a case to the judge with the "earlier number " (here, by Court's own words, prima facie, Docket Number 85-72998). Note that the reassignment Order does exactly the opposite, reassigns the 85-72998 case while citing prima facie a later number (Docket No. 88-72254). This is a prima facie violation, a "confession against interest" so to speak, no need to belabor the point with pages of arguments!
Moreover, I believe the receiving judge is biased, and have so indicated.
In March 2003 this same disregard had occurred, without even the cover, pretext, or pretense of a reassignment order! I objected then as well. Doing reassignment now, long after case commencement, using the already objected-to later Docket Number, after long time to meditate, shows deliberate, premeditated, willful violation of the Court Local Rule, undermines credibility of judiciary, impairs public confidence, causes distrust in accuracy of decisions—so blatantly the opposite of the letter of the Court's own rule. Were a member of the public to blatantly defy a rule in judge's presence (do the exact opposite of what is told), such behavior could be deemed "contempt of court." Is it any less so, when by judges?
It is vital that judges neither be, nor be perceived to be, above the law. I am a notary public, not only a plaintiff, and I have been a juror and witness as well, so am quadruply concerned with courts' ethical behavior. One purpose of corrective action is to reduce the likelihood that, hereafter, these or any other judges, will blatantly violate the literal letter of the law (rule). Please take appropriate remedial action, cure the damage, address the misconduct, assign a judge of whom there is no doubt of impartiality, and take all needed pro-active deterrent-level reaction.
Sincerely,
/s/Leroy J. Pletten
Leroy J. Pletten
Enclosures:
1. Court Order
2. That Portion of Local Rule 83.11 at Issue
CF: E D Mich Chief Judge Zatkoff
P.S. I was NOT served the Order, and did not receive it until AFTER I discovered a docket entry citing it. I had gone in person to the Clerk of Court office to check on case status, as Clerk had not answered two prior written inquiries about the Docket. The Clerk of Court did NOT have a copy of the Order at issue, so told me to ask the Judge's Courtroom Deputy, who did mail it to me, received 17 Oct 2003. But for my driving miles to check the file in person, due to the non-service, I would still not know of the Order.
Exhibit 1 |
Judicial bias alleged in U-M case - 03/30/03 Page 3 of 3
U-M officials declined to comment, saying it would be improper.
It's unknown whether a different panel, and a potentially different decision, would have made a difference. Both sides indicated throughout the process that they would likely appeal any unfavorable ruling to the Supreme Court.
Judicial conduct also arose as an issue at the district-court level. In 1998, two U.S. District Court judges in Detroit unsuccessfully tried to take the Law School case from Judge Bernard Friedman, a Reagan appointee who had been randomly assigned to hear it.
That process started after U-M attorneys filed a motion to consolidate the separate lawsuits against the undergraduate and Law School admissions policies, arguing they dealt with the same issue and it would be more efficient for one judge to hear both.
The court's chief judge, Anna Diggs Taylor, excused herself from hearing the motion because her husband, S. Martin Taylor, is a U-M regent and defendant in the case. Instead, in an unusual move, she picked two judges to hear the motion, Judges John Feikens, a U-M Law School graduate, and Julian Abele Cook Jr. They ruled to combine the cases before Judge Patrick Duggan, also a Reagan appointee, but thought to be more sympathetic.
Friedman, who under court rules had the authority to decide if the cases should be combined, wrote a scathing decision striking down their opinion and keeping the Law School case [see text].
You can reach Jodi S. Cohen at (313) 222-2269 or jcohen@detnews.com
http://www.detnews.com/2003/schools/0303/30/d01-122438.htm
Exhibit 2
|
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Civil Action No. 85-72998
ANNA DIGGS TAYLOR
FILED '03 OCT 24 P 2:30
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF
NOTICE OF JUDICIAL MISCONDUCT, FALSIFICATION,
ANTEDATING, AND VIOLATION OF LOCAL COURT RULE
BRIEF IN SUPPORT
The facts are as stated in the motion. Local Rule 83.11(b)(7)(C) has been violated prima facie. Citing a later case number while invoking rule on "earlier number" is an obvious violation.
When "ante-dated [false dating claims occur] to make them appear as if they were genuine," as in the unprofessional attorney conduct case of In re Ryman, 394 Mich 167, 176 (1975), corrective
action is warranted. Against antedating, the "'legal system [and Plaintiff] is virtually defenseless,'" Matter of Grimes, 414 Mich. 483, 494 (1982). Since the judges are attorneys, please note such
precedents as to consequences to lawyers for antedating. And please note consequences for witness perjury as well.
"An [individual] is unfairly deprived of an opportunity to cross-examine or to present rebuttal evidence and testimony when [he] learns the exact nature of [claims] only after the [decision]," National Realty & C. Co., Inc. v. Occ. S. & H. R. Commission, 160 U.S. App. D.C. 133, 141, 489 F2d 1257, 1265 (1973).
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Government must obey the administrative procedures act, e.g., 5 USC § 706; due process requires the right to be heard at meaningful time, in a meaningful manner; it is unacceptable to not notify of the basis until decision time, here later by sua sponte action, a prima facie depriving party of opportunity to raise the herein issue prior to the decision. Barnhart v U. S. Treasury Dept, 588 F Supp 1432 (D CIT, 1984). The Supreme Court has upheld this concept in employee cases, e.g., Cleveland Bd of Educ v Loudermill, 470 US 532; 105 S Ct 1487; 84 L Ed 2d 494 (1985). Judges should provide at least the same level of due process of law as they require the government to provide! Indeed, judges should be setting a good example to follow, not a bad one to avoid.
It is vital that judges neither be, nor be perceived to be, above the law. Plaintiff is a notary public, not only a plaintiff, and I have been a juror and witness as well, so am quadruply concerned
with courts' ethical behavior. One purpose of corrective action is to reduce the likelihood that, hereafter, these or any other judges, will blatantly violate the literal letter of the law (rule). Corrective
action is needed to prevent further undermining of the credibility of the judiciary, and impaired public confidence, causing distrust of accuracy of decisions, here, one so blatantly obviously the opposite of the letter of the Court's own rule.
Wherefore resolution should be done as cited in the foregoing Notice.
| | Respectfully,
| |
| | | /s/Leroy J. Pletten
Dated: 24 October 2003 | | Leroy J. Pletten | | |
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff(s)
Civil Action No. 85-72998
ANNA DIGGS TAYLOR
FILED '03 OCT 24 P 2:30
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant(s)
_____________________/
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that on this date, I transmitted the Notice of Judicial Misconduct, Falsification, Antedating, and Violation of Local Court Rule, with Brief in Support, to
Clerk of Court | | Jeffrey G. Collins, U.S. Attorney
(original and copies) | | Attn: Nancy B. Pridegen, Ass't US Att'y
Theodore Levin U.S. Courthouse | | Eastern District of Michigan
231 W Lafayette | | 211 West Fort Street, Suite 2001
Detroit MI 48226 | | Detroit, MI 48226
| |
| | |
| | | /s/ Leroy J. Pletten
Date: 24 October 2003 | | Leroy J. Pletten
| | | | | | | |
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Leroy Pletten
Plaintiff,
Civil Case Nos. 85-72998
88-72254
Hon. Anna Diggs Taylor
v.
The Department of the Army
Defendant.
_____________________/
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER 0F DISMISSAL
I.
Before the court are Plaintiff's Motions a) to Reopen civil case number 85-72998, b) to Show Cause why the case should not be reopened, c) for Appointment of Counsel, and d) to Reconsider civil case number 88-72254. For the following reasons, Plaintiff's Motions must be DENIED.
II.
Plaintiff is Defendant's former employee. Plaintiff was eventually separated from Defendant's employ. He later [false] applied for [false, Pletten REFUSED to apply] and was granted a disability retirement. Since [false, BEFORE, to prevent] the granting of his disability retirement, Plaintiff has filed numerous legal challenges.
Ed. Note: Falsifying to force cases to a pre-determined result is a common pattern.
"It should . . . . make you more suspicious of all legal and judicial institutions. Trust no one in power, including — especially — judges. Don't take judicial opinions at face value. Go back and check the transcript [record]. Cite-check the cases. You will be amazed how often you will find judges 'finessing' the facts and the law. Too often, legal observers take as a given judges' intellectual honesty."—Prof. Alan M. Dershowitz, Letters to a Young Lawyer (Basic Books, 2001), p 11. P 80 notes that pro-government lying is common, rampant.
For more on judges lying, falsifying, so as to "reach" a pre-determined decision, see, e.g.,
Malcolm B. E. Smith, "Concerning Lawful Illegality," 83 Yale Law J. 1534 (1974)
Malcolm B. E. Smith, "May Judges Ever Nullify the Law?," 74 Notre Dame L.R. (#5) 1657-61 (June 1999)
Malcolm B. E. Smith, "Do Appellate Courts Regularly Cheat?," 16 Crim. Jus. Ethics 11-19 (2, Summer/Fall 1997)
Sanford H. Kadish and Mortimer R. Kadish, Discretion to Disobey: A Study of Lawful Departures from Legal Rules (Stanford, CA.: Stanford Univ Press, 1973).
A lawyer with a “reputation . . . for truth and veracity . . . so notoriously bad that [he / she is] not to be believed under oath” (so surely, in decisions) is to be disbarred, not be a lawyer anymore, says the Michigan Supreme Court, In the Matter of Mills, 1 Mich 392, 398 (1850). |
Because Plaintiff has parallel cases pending simultaneously, a full explanation of the above-captioned cases' procedural history is warranted. Of particular concern here are two lawsuits that Plaintiff s attorney filed, almost simultaneously, in 1984: the first was filed with this district court, and the second was filed, within one week's time, with the Federal Circuit Court of
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Appeals. The Federal Circuit found that it lacked jurisdiction over the claim and transferred the case back to the Eastern District of Michigan, at which time the case was assigned to another district judge.1
The case filed with this district court in 1984 proceeded to a determination on the merits and was dismissed in February 1988 based on cross-dispositive motions resolved in the Defendant's favor. The Sixth Circuit affirmed this court on appeal and the Supreme Court denied certiorari. See, Pletten v. Marsh, et al., 920 F.2d 933 (6th Cir. 1990), cert. denied 501 U.S. 1221, 111 S. Ct. 768 (1991).
In l988, Plaintiff mounted a separate legal challenge against Defendant, which action was assigned to this court. On January 24, 2003, Plaintiff simultaneously filed Motions a) to Reopen, b) to Show Cause, and, c) for AppointMaient of Counsel, with both this Court, conceming the 1988 case, and with the district court to which the case was transferred from the Federal Circuit and soon thereafter dismissed.2 This court entered its Memorandum Opinion and Order denying Plaintiffs
____________________________________
1
Upon transfer from the Federal Circuit, civil case number 85-72998 was assigned to Judge Julian Abele Cook, Jr., United States District Court for the Eastem District of Michigan. Judge Cook dismissed the case on January 30, 1986. The Order entered by Judge Cook stated that:
The parties have advised the Court that the issues in controversy have been settled [false, administrative review had not even begun, having been refused by Defendant Army in defiance of EEOC Orders], thereby obviating the necessity of a trial.
IT IS ORDERED that the above-entitled cause shall be, and is, dismissed without prejudice and without costs.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that any party in interest, upon the presentation of good cause, may move to vacate or modify the terms of this Order within a period of 90 days from the effective date of this Order.
2 On January 24, 2003, Plaintiff filed his Motions to Reopen, to Show Cause, and for Appointment of Counsel in case number 85-72298, with Judge Cook. Plaintiff filed the same three (3) Motions with this court, concerning case number 88-72254. On April 3, 2003, in an
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Motions on March 24, 2003. This memorandum constitutes the court's fmdings offact and law on
Plaintiff's Motions to Reopen, Show Cause and Appoint Counsel in civil case number 85-72998,
1
as well as Plaintiff's Motion to Reconsider this court's Memorandum Opinion and Order issued on March 24, 2003, in civil case number 88-72254.
III.
A. Civil Case Number 85-72998
Motions to reopen a case are governed by Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b). Rule 60(b) states in relevant part that:
On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may reheve a party or a party's legal representative from a final judgment, order or proceeding for: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect, (2) newly discovered evidence, (3) fraud, (4) the judgment is void, (5) the judgment bas been satisfied or (6) any other reason justifying relief. . . . The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) not more than one year after the judgment, order, or proceeding was entered or taken. . . . This rule does not limit the power of a court to entertain an independent action to . . . set aside a judgment for fraud upon the court.
Plaintiff's Motion to Reopen is clearly untimely. Nevertheless, Rule 60(b)'s prescribed time limits do not apply to allegations of fraud upon the court. Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b); Demjanjuk v. Petrovsky, 10 F.3d 338, 352 (6th Cir. 1993) ("The Supreme Court has recognized a court's inherent power to grant relief, for 'after-discovered fraud,' from an earlier judgment 'regardless of the term of[its]entry").
Conduct (i) on the part of an officer of the court, (ii) that is directed to the judicial
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attempt to have this court's Memorandum Opinion and Order reviewed by another district court, Plaintiff filed a Motion to Reconsider the denial of his Motion to Reopen civil case number 88-72254, mis-captioning the pleading as a case assigned to Judge Cook.
3 Plaintiff's instant Motions in civil case number 85-72998 have been re-assigned as companions to this court's case number 84-75360.
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machinery' itself, (iii) that is intentionally false, willfully blind to the truth, or in reckless disregard for the truth, (iv) that is a positive averment or is concealment when one is under a duty to disclose, and (v) that deceives the court, constitutes fraud on the court. Workman v. Bell, 245 F.3d 849, 852 (6th Cir. 2001). Fraud on the court must be established by clear and convincing evidence. King v. First Am. Investigations, Inc., 287 F.3d 91, 95 (2d Cir. 2002). Generalized and conclusory allegations do not satisfy Rule 9(b)'s requirement that all averments of fraud be stated with particularity. Bovee v. Coopers & Lybrand, 272 F.3d 356, 361 (6th Cir. 2001) (citations omitted).
Plaintiff's instant fraud on the court claim rests on his assertion that civil case number 85-72998 was dismissed on the "fraudulent basis of 'the parties' (no specific names cited) allegedly having 'advised the Court' the 'issues have been settled ....'" Plaintiff also alleges that "members of the bar have knowingly participated in the fraud." As stated in this court's Memorandum Opinion and Order of March 24, 2003, such bald and cursory allegations cannot rise to the level of fraud upon the court. See Pletten v, U.S. Dep't of the Army, 88-72254 (E.D. Mich. filed March 24, 2003). Plaintiff has failed to offer any evidence, let alone clear and convincing evidence, of fraud on the court, and thus, has not advanced any plausible legal grounds upon which the court could sustain this Motion to Reopen. As such the Motion to Reopen must be denied and there is no need for the court to reach the motions to show cause or appoint counsel.
B. Civil Case Number 88-72254
Also before the court is Plaintiff's timely filed Motion to Clarify, and/or Reconsider this court's Memorandum Opinion and Order of March 24, 2003. In order to prevail on his Motion for Reconsideration, Plaintiff must show: (i) a reason justifying relief from this Court's judgment, and (ii) a palpable defect by which the court was misled, and that correction of the defect will
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result in a different disposition of the case. See E.D. Mich. L.R. 7.1(g)(l) and (3); see also, Fed. R. Civ. P. 60. "Generally, and without restricting the court's discretion, the court will not grant motions for rehearing or reconsideration that merely present the same issues ruled upon by the court, either expressiy or by reasonable implication." E.D. Mich. L.R. 7.1(g)(3).
The court finds that Plaintiff's Motion for Reconsideration must be denied because it merely presents the same issues upon which the court ruled in the Memorandum Opinion and Order of March 24, 2003. The court further finds that Plaintiff's instant legal challenges have already been considered and rejected by this court as well as the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, and are therefore barred by res judicata. Hatchett v. U.S., 330 F.3d 875, 886 (6th Cir. 2003); White v. Colgan Elec. Co., 781 F.2d 1214, 1216 (6th Cir. 1986) (noting that a "judgment on the merits in the first case is an absolute bar to the subsequent action between the same parties, not only in respect to every matter which is actually offered, but also as to every ground of recovery which might have been presented").
IV.
Inasmuch as (i) Plaintiff failed to object to the order entered by another district court, which granted him 90 days to contest dismissal of civil case number 85-72998; and (ii) there is no clear and convincing evidence of fraud on the court, the Defendant and this court would be gravely prejudiced if it were to reopen a case that has been resolved, and that Plaintiff has not disputed, for nearly 17 years. Further, this court dismissed civil case number 88-72254 on its merits and, consequently, any subsequent filings are subject to res judicata.
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Accordingly;
IT IS ORDERED that the Motion to Reopen civil case number 85-72998 is DENIED. The Motion to Show Cause and the Motion to Appoint Counsel are hereby DENIED as MOOT.
IT IS ALSO ORDERED that the Motion to Clarify and/or Reconsider civil case number 88-72254 is hereby DENIED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
| | /s/Anna Diggs Taylor
| | ANNA DIGGS TAYLOR
| | UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
DATED: DEC 18 2003 | |
| Detroit, MI |
| | |
| PURSUANT TO FRCivP COPIES | |
| HAVE BEEN MAILED TO: | |
| Leroy Pletten | |
| Nancy Pridgen, U.S. Attorney | | A TRUE COPY
| | CLERK, U.S DISTRICT COURT
By:/s/______________ | | EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
| | BY: /s/______________
| | DEPUTY CLERK
| | | | | | | | |
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Related Background Information
Note parallel circumstances in other federal agencies, e.g., the FBI., cited by Peter Lance, 1000 Years for Revenge: International Terrorism and the FBI: The Untold Story (New York: Regan Books, 2003). Note that so a civil servant can at last become safe and free to defend the public, the importance of reaching “the point in the Bureau [government agency] where [the employee] was considered KMA. 'It stands for Kiss My Ass,' said [employee] Predtechenkis candidly. . . . I could retire at the end of the day if I wanted to. It's a comforting feeling. . . .” And, “To hear that from a decorated Bureau veteran is an indication of the atmosphere of fear that exists among FBI street agents today--the fear that expressing even modest disagreement with a supervisor, or staying loyal to an asset the way Nancy Floyd did, might result in an investigation with career-ending implications” (p 172). “Ironically, like Nancy Floyd, Smith found himself spending as much time battling his own agency and enduring the stress of office politics as he did chasing the bad guys” (p 214).
With whistleblowers under constant attack, the Army was impacted. For example, the Army enlisted "Ali Mohammed, the traitorous ex-Egyptian Army officer who had become a U.S. Army sergeant and served as an instructor in the Special Operations Warfare School at Fort Bragg while working for al Qaeda," p 373. "At the same time he was isntructing Green Berets at Fort Bragg . . . he was commuting . . . to train the . . . . 'jihad army.' He used his knowledge of Special Forces operations techniques to train the top commanders of al Qaeda in Khost, Afghanistan, along with elite members of bin Laden's own bodyguard in Sudan. . . . 'The fact that Osama [bin Laden] was able to put an operative like him into a Special Forces training school should have been a screaming alert to the community,' said one intelligence operative," p 374. But with nobody daring to "blow the whistle," who'd do the "alert?"
The article, “C.I.A. Was Given Data on Hijacker Long Before 9/11,” by James Risen and Eric Lichtblau (New York Times, 24 Feb 2004), shows what happens due to fear-induced civil service paralysis of action: “American investigators were given [by German investigators] the first name and telephone number of one of the Sept. 11 hijackers two and a half years before the attacks on New York and Washington, but the United States appears to have failed to pursue the lead aggressively. . . . The Germans considered the information on Mr. Shehhi particularly valuable, and the [9/11 investigating] commission is keenly interested in why it apparently did not lead to greater scrutiny of him.”
See also Time Magazine's "Persons of the Year 2002" citing e.g., FBI Agent Coleen Rowley.
Note also the book by Prof. David Ray, Griffin, The New Pearl Harbor: Disturbing Questions about the Bush Administration and 9/11 (Northampton, Mass.: Olive Branch Press, March 2004) and Interview, saying, e.g., “Members of the FBI, the CIA, and other intelligence agencies have taken oaths to not reveal things they’ve been told not to reveal . . . and if they violate this oath, repercussions may occur. You have a wife and children, and somebody says to you, “If you go public with that I cannot guarantee the safety of your family.” Would you go public with that? You have to choose between your family’s welfare and the welfare of the nation, and your story might not do that much good. You might just be denounced as a conspiracy kook. The press would ignore you, belittle you. People might look into your past and find that you had done some things you’re not so proud of. People would learn very quickly to keep their mouths shut.”
(In fact, the threat of reprisal is real, common, throughout Federal Civil Service, not only in these agencies.)
Others are also abused, and no prosecution occurs. The rate of sex harassment and rape of women in military is reported as 90% of women under 50, 37% over 50. Reuter, "Women: Rape rampant in military," Detroit News, 12 May 1995, p 5A, reporting on data found at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, by Drs. Maureen Murdoch, MD, MPH, and Kristin L. Nichol, MD, MPH, in "Women Veterans' Experiences With Domestic Violence and With Sexual Harassment While in the Military," 4 Archives of Family Medicine 411-418 (May 1995).
USAARL Report 86-13, “Smoking and Soldier Performance,” by Dr. Frederick N. Dyer, Army Aeromedical Research Lab (Fort Rucker, AL) (June 1986), had cited prevention, but has been ignored:
"Undoubtedly, if the military [would obey its hiring rules that] restrict enlistments to nonsmokers, there would be far fewer discipline, alcoholism, and drug-abuse problems in the Army," p 149.
Both law, 29 USC § 706.(7)(B), and Standard Form 78, bans hiring them. The Army knows better than to hire smokers, due to their propensity to commit crimes including sex harassment and rape.
Due to the already known medical data on smoking, impaired readiness, and misconduct, the Army used to not enlist smokers. Judicial notice was taken of that fact in 1898! Austin v State, 101 Tenn 563, 566-567; 48 SW 305, 306, aff'd 179 US 343; 21 S Ct 132; 45 L Ed 224 (1900).
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RICO Law and Cases Applicable
to Retaliators and Agencies
(Text of Recent Cases May
Be Found at www.findlaw.com)
Retaliation is always criminal, meaning, it is done to extort a stop to exercise of some protected right, whether whistleblowing, opposing discrimination, or other abuse; or to punish the past exercise of such a right, thus to deter the individual at issue, and others. Retlation is always extortion, thus always violates federal anti-extortion laws. (It usually valso violates state anti-extortion laws, as agencies are located within a state, with the rare excerption of those in U.S. territories or overseas.) The RICO law starts at 18 § USC 1961.
The "fear" element of extortion as a predicate act under RICO can be satisfied by putting the victim in fear of economic loss. De Falco v Bernas, 244 F3d 286 (CA 2, NY, 2001) (N 27; 2002 Poc Supp).
Note the wide variety of agencies re which RICO applicability has already been found. Applying the RICO law (1970) in federal agency crimes is decades overdue!
A RICO "pattern" exists when employer's acts are a scheme to deprive employee of commissions (rights) when the acts were separate occurrences with the deprivation scheme being (like retaliation) open-ended, intended to continue as long as employee was employed. Smith v MCI Telecommunications Corp, 678 F Supp 823 recon den 124 FRD 665 (D KS, 1987) (N 150, p 649).
Government entities may be "enterprises" within RICO's meaning. U.S.. v Freeman, 6 F3d 586 (CA 9, Cal, 1993), cert den 511 US 1077; 114 S Ct 1661; 128 L Ed 2d 378, rehg den 511 L Ed 1147; 114 S Ct 2177; 128 L Ed 2d 896. (N 247 p 724).
An "enterprise" for RICO liability purposes, may be a public entity like a township. Genty v Resolution Trust Corp, 937 F2d 899 (CA 3, NJ, 1991) N 247 p 724).
The term "enterprise" as used in RICO includes governmental agencies or offices. U. S. v Clark, 646 F2d 1259 (CA 8, Ark, 1981). (N 247 p 724).
RICO is applicable to bribery activities and misuse of office of county law enforcement officials, despite alleged lack of an "enterprise" and impact on interstate commerce. U.S. v Karas, 624 F2d 500 (CA 4, W Va, 1980), cert den 449 US 1078; 101 S Ct 857; 66 L Ed 2d 800. (N 247 p 724).
Under RICO, an "enterprise" includes public as well as private entities. U.S. v Brown, 555 F2d 407, rehg den 559 F2d 29 (CA 5, Ga, 1977), cert den 435 US 904; 98 S Ct 1448; 55 L Ed 2d 494. (N 247 p 724).
Criminal and civil penalties governing racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations support the view that Congress intended to combat take-overs of private business through illegal activity; however, it did not follow that, had Congress specifically addressed question, it would have excluded public entities from substantive provisions of this law governing RICO organisations. U. S. v Barber, 476 F Supp 182 (SD W Va, 1979). (N 247 p 724).
Office of judge of Seventh judicial Circuit was "enterprise" for RICO purposes. U.S. v Grubb, 11 F3d 426 (CA 4, W Va, 1993), habeas corpus den 859 F Supp 227, affd as mod 65 F3d 167. (N 248 p 724).
County circuit court qualified as "enterprise" for purposes of prosecution of police officer under the RICO provision making it unlawful for any person associated with enterprise to conduct affairs of enterprise through pattern of racketeering activity [18 USC § 1962(c)]; officer was charged with taking bribes to influence judicial decisions in traffic court. U.S. v Blackwood, 768 F2d 131 (CA 7, Ill, 1985) cert den 474 US 1020; 105 S Ct 569; 89 L Ed 2d 554. (N 248 p 724).
Governmental units such as New York City Civil Court are "enterprises" within meaning of subsec. (4) of this section. U.S. v Angelilli, 660 F2d 23 (CA, NY, 1981) cert den 455 US 910; 102 S Ct 1258; 71 L Ed 2d 449, rehg den 456 US 951; 102 S Ct 2024; 72 L Ed 2d 476 cert den 455 US 945; 102 S Ct 1442; 71 L Ed 2d 657, rehg den 456 US 939; 102 S Ct 1998; 72 L Ed 2d 460, rehg den 456 US 939; 102 S Ct 1999; 72 L Ed 2d 460. (N 248 p 724).
In prosecution for conspiracy to violate the RICO Act, term "enterprise" is broad enough to include municipal court which was one part of city government, and where U.S. did not contend at trial that city, rather than court, was relevant "enterprise," but used city's interstate purchases to establish effect of court on interstate commerce, there was not fatal variance by reason of indictment's charge that enterprise was municipal court and government's evidence that municipal court was not separate entity from city and that interstate purchases necessary to create federal jurisdiction were made by city, not court, U.S. v Sutherland, 656 F2d 1181, rehearing denied 663 F2d 101 (CA 5, Tex, 1981) cert den 455 US 949; 102 S Ct 1451; 71 L Ed 2d 663 cert den 455 US 991; 102 S Ct 1617; 71 L Ed 2d 852. (N 248 p 724).
Where defendant, an Arkansas county judge, i.e., a county executive, regarded his office not merely as his elective position but as an operating entity within the county government which included at least three other persons, and indictments under this chapter charge that the office was an enterprise, defendant could not complain on appeal that indictment failed to charge that he conducted or participated in an enterprise through a pattern of unlawful activity because such office was nothing more than an unfilled state elective office. U.S. v Dean, 647 F2d 779 reh 667 F2d 729 (CA 8, Ark, 1981) cert den 456 US 1006; 102 S Ct 2296; 73 L Ed 2d 1300. (N 248 p 724).
The Philadelphia Traffic Court was an "enterprise" within the meaning of this chapter. U.S. v Bacheler, 611 F2d 443 (CA 3, Pa, 1979). (N 248 p 724).
Enterprise under the RICO Act need not be criminal in nature, but rather, all that is required is organization; thus, supreme court in Queens, NY, was "enterprise" within RICO's meaning. U.S. v Brennan, 629 F Supp 283 (ED NY, 1986), affd 798 F2d 581, habeas corpus granted 685 F Supp 883, affd 867 F2d 111 (CA 2) cert den 490 US 1022; 109 S Ct 1750; 104 L Ed 2d 187. (N 248 p 724-5).
Where deputy's duty was to "attend upon" courts on day he was assigned as court bailiff and to obey court orders while circuit court was in session, deputy was "associated with" circuit court, which was alleged to be "enterprise" whose activities affected interstate commerce, for purposes of this chapter. U.S. v Kaye, 586 F Supp 1395 (ND Ill, 1984). (N 248 p 725).
As creature of statute, Philadelphia traffic court was "legal entity" and was therefore "enterprise" for RICO purposes. U.S. v Vignola, 464 F Supp 1091 (ED Pa, 1979), affd 605 F2d 1199 cert den 444 US 1072; 100 S Ct 1015; 62 L Ed 2d 753. (N 248 p 725).
City's fire department was legitimate governmental entity possessing clear organizational structure, thus qualifying as "enterprise" under the RICO Act. U.S. v Balzano, 916 F2d 1273 (CA 7, Ill, 1990). (N 249 p 725).
Identifying "The Office of Governor" or any other governmental office as "enterprise" under this chapter unnecessarily tends to disrupt comity in federal-state relationships. U.S. v Thompson, 685 F2d 993 (CA 6, Tenn, 1982,) cert den 459 US 1072; 103 S Ct 494; 74 L Ed 2d 635. (N 250 p 725).
Government entities are not enterprises within meaning of this chapter; therefore, defendants who were connected with office of governor of Tennessee, and who were charged with "selling" executive clemency and immunity from extradition through the governor's office, were entitled to have their convictions vacated. U.S. v Thompson, 669 F2d 1143 rehg 685 F2d 1993 (CA 6, Tenn, 1982) cert den 459 US 1072; 103 S Ct 494; 74 L Ed 2d 635. (N 250 p 725).
Ed. Note: This Thompson decision is in the bad Sixth Circuit, and may itself be tainted by corruption among its judges, it is so contrary to the body of case law. |
A political entity or governmental agency, as distinguished from a private business, labor union, or nonprofit corporation, may constitute an "enterprise" within this chapter; the governor's office of the state was an "enterprise" within the meaning of this chapter with respect to charges that persons in that office exercised the pardon and parole powers of that office through a pattern of bribery and extortion. U.S. v Sisk, 476 F Supp 1061 (MD Tenn, 1979). (N 250 p 725).
The RICO law is not unconstitutional as applied to legislative aide who allegedly secured political contributions in return for explicit promise to secure passage of legislation. U.S. v Freeman, 6 F3d 586 (CA 9, Cal, 1993) cert den 511 US 1077; 114 S Ct 3661; 128 L Ed 2d 378 cert den 511 US 1147; 114 S Ct 2177; 128 L Ed 2d 896. (N 251 p 725).
Office of senator in South Carolina Legislature was an "enterprise" within meaning of this chapter. U.S. v Long, 653 F2d 239 (CA 4, SC, 1981) cert den 454 US 896; 102 S Ct 396; 70 L Ed 2d 212. (N 251 p 725).
Municipality could serve as "enterprise" for purposes of bringing RICO claim that municipal employees had extorted money from developers seeking to construct housing and gravel pit on land, even though some of the individuals named did not work directly for municipality; it was sufficient to allege an indirect association with enterprise. DeFalco v Dirie, 923 F Supp 473 (SD NY, 1996). (N 252 p 725).
Use of city as enterprise element of RICO charges was justified where city encompassed all acts of bribery and extortion allegedly committed by public officials, and, thus, even if Government might have chosen entity that would render application enterprise element unconstitutionally vague, RICO was not unconstitutionally vague with reference to defendants. U.S. v Lobue, 751 F Supp 748 (ND, Ill, 1990). (N 252 p 725).
Evidence established that informal consortium of law firm and two police departments satisfied "enterprise" requirement under RICO, despite contention of defendants, who were members of law firm and police departments, respectively, that enterprise, unless an illegal entity, can only be group of individuals. U.S. v Masters, 924 F2d 1362 (CA 7, Ill, 1991) rehg den cert den 500 US 919; 111 S Ct 2019; 114 L Ed 2d 105 cert den 502 US 823; 112 S Ct 86; 116 L Ed 2d 58. (N 253 p 725-6).
Actions of police officer in furtherance of drug trafficking established pattern of racketeering activity for purposes of the RICO Act, despite claim of insufficient connection between actions and his employment by police department, which was his "enterprise" for RICO purposes; officer's acquisition of cocaine and his quid pro quo conduct were inextricably intertwined with his authority and activities as police officer, and his activities in support of traffickers were possible because he was a police officer. U.S. v Ruiz, 905 F2d 499 (CA l, Mass, 1990). (N 253 p 726).
City police department was "enterprise" within meaning of this chapter, even though such "enterprise" was harmed and not benefited by its affairs being conducted through pattern of racketeering activities. U. S. v Kovic, 684 F2d 512 (CA 7, Ill, 1982) cert den 459 US 972; 103 S Ct 304; 74 L Ed 2d 284. (N 253 p 726).
County sheriff's department was an "enterprise" for purposes of this chapter. U. S. v Baker, 617 F2d 1060 (CA 4, NC, 1980). And see U.S. v Davis, 707 F2d 880 (CA 6, Ohio, 1983); U. S. v Lee Stoller Enterprises, Inc, 652 F2d 1313 (CA 7, Ill, 1981) cert den 454 US 1082; 102 S Ct 636; 70 L Ed 2d 615. (N 253 p 726).
Pursuant to broad language of the RICO law, city police department and individual officers were legal entities and thus qualified as "enterprises" through which racketeering could be conducted. U. S. v Grzywacz, 603 F2d 682 (CA 7, Ill, 1979) cert den 446 US 935; 100 S Ct 2152; 64 L Ed 2d 788. (N 253 p 726).
City police department was an "enterprise." U. S. v Brown, 555 F2d 407 (CA 5, Ga, 1977), rehg den 559 F2d 29 cert den 435 US 904; 98 S Ct 1448; 55 L Ed 2d 494. (N 253 p 726).
This chapter might have been violated by systematic extraction of money from employees of sheriff's office during a finite period did not convert the office as an entity into criminal organization; thus any extortion, bribe or other racketeering activity committed by any employee did not become a violation of this chapter chargeable against everyone in the office; and defendant employees who were not involved in bribe could not be charged with that bribe merely because another of the defendant employees participated in it. U. S. v Cryan, 490 F Supp 1234 (DC NJ, 1980), affd 636 F2d 1211. (N 253 p 726).
State of Maryland is not an "enterprise" for RICO purposes. U.S. v Gov Marvin Mandel, 415 F Supp 997 supp'd 415 F Supp 1025 (DC Md , 1976). (N 254 p 726).
Scheme by several high-ranking employees of county board of appeals to effectuate unlawful property tax reductions by circumventing the board's procedures concerning the application for assessment reductions was a corrupt "enterprise" within meaning of this chapter, even though it involved a public entity. U. S. v Burns, 683 F2d 1056 (CA 7, Ill, 1982) cert den 459 US 1173; 101 S Ct 821; 74 L Ed 2d 1018. (N 255 p 726).
State agency charged with responsibility of enforcing tax laws on interstate industry engaged in importing cigarettes from points outside state is an "enterprise" within this chapter. U. S. v Frumento, 563 F2d 1083 (CA 3, Pa, 1977) cert den 434 US 1072; 98 S Ct 1256; 55 L Ed 2d 775 cert den 434 US 1072; 98 S Ct 1258; 55 L Ed 2d 776. (N 255 p 726).
County board of tax appeals was an "enterprise" for purposes of this chapter and, those defendants who were not actually employees of board were nonetheless "associated with" the enterprise. U.S. v Lavin, 504 F Supp 1356 (ND Ill, 1981). (N 255 p 726).
Pennsylvania Department of Revenue's Bureau of Cigarette and Beverage Taxes was an "enterprise." U. S. v Frumento, 426 F Supp 797 (ED Pa, 1976), affd 552 F2d 534, affd 563 F2d 1083 cert den 434 US 1072; 98 S Ct 1256; 55 L Ed 2d 775 cert den 434 US 1072; 98 S Ct 1258; 55 L Ed 2d 776. (N 255 p 726-7).
State Bureau of Cigarette and Beverage Taxes constituted an "enterprise . . . the activities of which affect interstate or foreign commerce," within meaning of section 1962 of this title prohibiting employees of such enterprises from engaging in pattern of racketeering activity, and thus district court had jurisdiction to hear indictment charging employee of Bureau with acceptance of bribes as part of cigarette-smuggling conspiracy. U. S. v Frumento, 409 F Supp 136 (ED Pa, 1976), affd 563 F2d 1083 cert den 434 US 1072; 98 S Ct 1256; 55 L Ed 2d 775 cert den 434 US 1072; 98 S Ct 1258; 55 L Ed 2d 776. (N 255 p 727).
(Bribery is used by tobacco pushers, see article, "Traders Offer Bribe to Stop Anti-Smoking Campaign"). And see also the case of the bribed sheriff, U.S. v Sheriff Goins, 593 F2d 88 (CA 8, 1979), bribed to not enforce cigarette law.
“The U.S. government, through the CIA, disburses tens of millions of dollars each year in cash bribes. Bribery is a standard operating technique of the U.S. government, via the CIA, but it is a criminal offense for U.S. businesses,” says long-time CIA Agent John Stockwell, In Search of Enemies: A CIA Story (New York: W.W. Norton & Co, Inc., 1978), p 246.
Bureau of cigarette and beverage taxes in the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue was an "enterprise" within scope of section 1962 of this title prohibiting any person employed by or associated with any enterprise, whose activities affected interstate or foreign commerce, from participating in conduct of enterprise through a pattern of racketeering activity or collection of unlawful debt contrary to claim of defendant, chief investigator for bureau, that only private ventures were included within scope of this chapter. U. S. v Frumento, 405 F Supp 23 (ED Pa, 1975). (N 255 p 727).
County prosecutor's office was "enterprise" within meaning of this chapter. U.S. v Altomare, 625 F2d 5 (CA 4, W Va, 1980). (N 256 p 727).
Congressman's office functioned as "continuous" organization so that it could be charged as a RICO "enterprise," where office had continued existence during time that Congressman was ranking minority member on House Defense Appropriations Subcommittee and House Small Business Committee, although employees came and went, they were presumably replaced and perhaps even augmented, and work of office, legitimate or allegedly otherwise, went on despite comings and goings of employees. U.S. v McDade, 827 F Supp 1153 (ED Pa, 1993), affd in part, app dism in part 28 F3d 283, rehng and rehg en banc denied cert den 514 US 1003; 115 S Ct 1312; 131 L Ed 2d 194. (N 256 p 727).
Alleged "network" between individual and corporate defendants who were affiliated in some way with political candidate and association formed to further candidate's political interests constituted "enterprise" for purposes of civil action under this chapter. Hudson v Larouche, 579 F Supp 623 (SD NY, 1983). (N 256 p 727).
Construction and building inspection division of city's department of housing and community development was an "enterprise" within the meaning of RICO, creating a cause of action on behalf of persons injured by an unlawful enterprise, and, thus, defendant, who was charged with using his official position in the division to assist in the rigging of what was supposed to be a competitive bidding system for city demolition projects, was not entitled to dismissal of the charge on the grounds that there was no unlawful enterprise. State of Maryland v Buzz Berg Wrecking Co., Inc., 496 F Supp 245 (DC Md, 1980). (N 256 p 727).
Louisiana Department of Agriculture is an "enterprise" within the meaning of this chapter. U. S. v Dozier, 493 F Supp 554 (MD La, 1980). (N 256 p 727).
West Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Commissioner was legal entity, and thus came within literal meaning of "enterprise" as such term was defined for RICO purposes. U.S. v Barber, 476 F Supp 182 (SD W Va, 1979). (N 256 p 727).
In view of the wide variety of agencies wherein RICO liability attaches, there is no doubt that when agencies retaliate against employers for the exercise of rights, extort them to stop, that RICO liability applies to such officials.
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Agency officials colluded with DOJ and courts to prevent me getting review such as others receive.
Luteran v U.S., 93 F2d 295 (CA 8, 1937), provides insight.
And "where proof of a conspiracy has been established a relatively slight amount of evidence connecting the defendant therewith is sufficient to sustain a verdict," p 398.
"Participation in formation of the conspiracy is not essential to culpability if after it was formed the defendant aided or abetted it with an understanding of its purpose," and "where the defendant aided the conpsirators knowing in a general way their purpose to break the law the jury may infer that he entered into an express or implied agreement with them," p 399.
This includes evidence of some participation including having "heard and saw various other things which characterized the fraudulent conduct of the conspirators," p 399.
"Every hypothesis of innocence is destroyed by his knowledge of the manner in which . . . conspirators had behaved throughout the afternoon," p 399.
In this case, the pattern of misconduct is not one "afternoon," but decades, in the face of my importuning.
In the precedent of State of Kansas ex rel Johnston, State Attorney General v Foster, County Prosecutor, 3 P 534 (Kansas, 2 April 1884), there was a removal of a prosecutor for refusing to enforce the Prohibition law. On appeal, the Court said that prosecutors must enforce the law regardless of personal desires and clamor of the law's opponents, for reasons including that those of the citizenry who are for the law count on them doing so; 'mistake of law' is not a defense. The fired prosecutor appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, in Foster v Kansas ex rel. Johnston, 112 US 201; 5 S Ct 8; 28 L Ed 629 (27 Oct 1884), and Foster v State of Kansas ex rel. Johnston, 112 US 205; 5 S Ct 97; 28 L Ed 696, 697 (10 Nov 1884). The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the removal of the prosecutor.
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